Editing Transylvania (section)

===Historical population===
{{See also|History of Transylvania#Historical population|Hungarian minority in Romania|Székelys|Transylvanian Saxons|List of Transylvanians}}
[[File:Austria Hungary ethnic.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Ethno-linguistic map of [[Austria-Hungary]], 1910.]]
Official censuses with information on Transylvania's population have been conducted since the 18th century. On May 1, 1784 the Emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] called for the first official census of the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]], including Transylvania. The data was published in 1787, and this census showed only the overall population (1,440,986 inhabitants).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/transy/transy03.htm |title=www.hungarian-history.hu |access-date=2017-07-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202185918/http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/transy/transy03.htm |archive-date=2017-02-02 }}</ref> [[:hu:Fényes Elek|Fényes Elek]], a 19th-century Hungarian statistician, estimated in 1842 that in the population of Transylvania for the years 1830–1840 the majority were 62.3% [[Romanians]] and 23.3% [[Hungarian people|Hungarians]].<ref>Elek Fényes, ''Magyarország statistikája'', Vol. 1, Trattner-Károlyi, Pest. VII, 1842</ref>

In the last quarter of the 19th century, the Hungarian population of Transylvania increased from 24.9% in 1869 to 31.6%, as indicated in the 1910 Hungarian census (the majority of the [[History of the Jews in Hungary|Jewish population]] reported Hungarian as their primary language, so they were also counted as ethnically Hungarian in the 1910 census). At the same time, the percentage of the Romanian population decreased from 59.0% to 53.8% and the percentage of the German population decreased from 11.9% to 10.7%, for a total population of 5,262,495. [[Magyarization]] policies greatly contributed to this shift.<ref name="ia">{{cite journal|title=The Problem of Treaty Revision and the Hungarian Frontiers|journal=International Affairs|year=1933|first=Robert William|last=Seton-Watson|volume=12|issue=4|pages=481–503 |doi=10.2307/2603603|jstor=2603603}}</ref>

The percentage of the Romanian majority has significantly increased since the declaration of the union of Transylvania with Romania after World War I in 1918. The proportion of Hungarians in Transylvania was in steep decline as more of the region's inhabitants moved into urban areas, where the pressure to assimilate and Romanianize was greater.<ref name="Varga"/> The expropriation of the estates of Magyar [[magnate]]s, the distribution of the lands to the Romanian peasants, and the policy of cultural [[Romanianization]] that followed the [[Treaty of Trianon]] were major causes of friction between Hungary and Romania.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Transylvania|url=http://www.bartleby.com/65/tr/Transylv.html|encyclopedia=[[Columbia Encyclopedia]]|access-date=2008-11-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905190712/http://bartleby.com/65/tr/Transylv.html|archive-date=2008-09-05}}</ref> Other factors include the emigration of non-Romanian peoples, assimilation and internal migration within Romania (estimates show that between 1945 and 1977, some 630,000 people moved from the [[Romanian Old Kingdom|Old Kingdom]] to Transylvania, and 280,000 from Transylvania to the Old Kingdom, most notably to [[Bucharest]]).<ref name="Varga"/>