Editing Transport in France (section)

==== Trials ====
Alstom has developed a [[ground-level power supply]] (alimentation par le sol - APS) system for use with buses and other vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.railinsider.co.uk/2019/09/26/alstom-transfers-tram-power-supply-technology-to-buses/|title=Alstom transfers tram power supply technology to buses|work=Rail Insider|date=26 September 2019|accessdate=29 November 2020|archivedate=29 November 2020|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129165355/https://www.railinsider.co.uk/2019/09/26/alstom-transfers-tram-power-supply-technology-to-buses/}}</ref> The system has been tested for safety when the road is cleared by [[snowplow]]s, under exposure to snow, ice, salting, and saturated [[brine]],<ref>{{citation |url=https://proceedings-calgary2022.piarc.org/ressources/files/2/IP0063-DUPRAT-E-Full.pdf |title=Compatibility of an in-road Electric Road System with winter service operations |author=Patrick Duprat |publisher=[[PIARC]] |others=Alstom |date=February 11, 2022}}</ref> and for [[Skid (automobile)|skid]] and road adherence safety for vehicles, including motorcycles.<ref name="Cercle-des-Transports-2024-01" /> Alstom will trial its electric road system (ERS) on the public road [[Route nationale 205|RN205]]<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.atmb.com/press_release/atmb-shell-mise-en-service-station-gaz-naturel-liquefie-gnl/ |title=Les aides proposées par ATMB à ses clients légers et lourds pour la décarbonation des transports |date=June 30, 2023 |website=ATMB}}</ref> in the [[Rhône-Alpes]] region between 2024 and 2027.<ref>{{citation |url=https://trm24.fr/lancement-du-projet-de-recherche-eroadmontblanc/ |title=L'APS d'Alstom bientôt testé sur les routes |author=Jean-Philippe Pastre |website=TRM24 |date=June 30, 2023}}</ref> The system is expected to supply 500&nbsp;kW of power for electric heavy trucks, as well as power for road utility vehicles and [[electric car]]s.<ref name="Cercle-des-Transports-2024-01">{{citation |url=https://www.cercledestransports.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-01-16-cercle_transports_ers_eroadmtboanc_duprat.pdf |title=Présentation du projet eRoadMontBlanc |date=January 16, 2024 |website=Cercle des Transports |author=Patrick Duprat}}</ref>

[[Vinci SA|Vinci]] will test two electric road systems (ERS) from 2023 to 2027. Both technologies will initially be tested in laboratory conditions, and upon meeting the test requirements they will be installed along 2 kilometers each on the [[A10 autoroute]] south of Paris. Wireless ERS by [[:he:אלקטריאון וירלס|Electreon]] will be tested for durability under highway traffic, and will attempt to reach 200&nbsp;kW of power delivery per truck using multiple receivers. [[Ground-level power supply#Electric road systems|Rail ERS]] by Elonroad, which supplies 350&nbsp;kW of power per receiver, will be tested for [[Skid (automobile)|skid]] effects on [[motorcycle]]s. Both systems will be interoperable with cars, buses, and trucks.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.usinenouvelle.com/editorial/l-instant-tech-vinci-teste-la-recharge-par-induction-et-par-rail-sur-autoroute.N2158317 |title=Vinci teste la recharge par induction et par rail sur autoroute |author=Léna Corot |date=August 30, 2023 |website=L'USINENOUVELLE.com}}</ref>