Editing Tour de France (section)

=== 1988–1997 ===
Months before the start of the 1988 Tour, director Jean-François Naquet-Radiguet was replaced by Xavier Louy.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} In 1988, the Tour was organised by [[Jean-Pierre Courcol]], the director of ''L'Équipe'', then in 1989 by Jean-Pierre Carenso and then by [[Jean-Marie Leblanc]], who in 1989 had been race director. The former television presenter [[Christian Prudhomme]]—he commentated on the Tour among other events—replaced Leblanc in 2007, having been assistant director for three years. In 1993 ownership of ''L'Équipe'' moved to the [[Amaury Group]], which formed [[Amaury Sport Organisation]] (ASO) to oversee its sports operations, although the Tour itself is operated by its subsidiary the Société du Tour de France.{{sfn|Augendre|1996|p=87}}
[[File:Miguel INDURAIN (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Miguel Induráin]] at the [[1993 Tour de France]]]]
1988 onward was arguably the beginning of what can be referred to as the doping era. A new drug, [[erythropoietin]] (EPO), began to be used; it could not be detected by drug tests of the time. [[Pedro Delgado]] won the [[1988 Tour de France]] by a considerable margin, and in [[1989 Tour de France|1989]] and [[1990 Tour de France|1990]] Lemond returned from injury and won back-to-back Tours, with the 1989 edition still standing as the closest two-way battle in TDF history, with Lemond claiming an 8-second victory on the final time trial to best Laurent Fignon.

The early 1990s was dominated by Spaniard [[Miguel Induráin]], who won five Tours from [[1991 Tour de France|1991]] to [[1995 Tour de France|1995]], the fourth, and last, to win five times, and the only five-time winner to achieve those victories consecutively. He wore the race leader's yellow jersey in the Tour de France for 60 days. He holds the record for the most consecutive Tour de France wins and shares the record for most wins with [[Jacques Anquetil]], [[Bernard Hinault]] and [[Eddy Merckx]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/in/miguel-indurain-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418050159/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/in/miguel-indurain-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Miguel Induráin Olympic Results |access-date=18 May 2015 |work=Sports Reference}}</ref> Induráin was a strong [[Individual time trial|time trialist]], gaining on rivals and riding defensively in the climbing stages. Induráin won only two Tour stages that were not [[individual time trial]]s: mountain stages to [[Cauterets]] (1989) and [[Luz Ardiden]] (1990) in the [[Pyrenees]]. These superior abilities in the discipline fit perfectly with the time trial heavy Tours of the era, with many featuring between 150 and 200&nbsp;km of time trialling vs the more common 50–80&nbsp;km today.

The influx of more international riders continued through this period, as in [[1996 Tour de France|1996]] the race was won for the first time by a rider from Denmark, [[Bjarne Riis]], who ended Miguel Induráin's reign with an attack on [[Hautacam]]. On 25 May 2007, Bjarne Riis admitted that he placed first in the Tour de France using banned substances, and he was no longer considered the winner by the Tour's organizers.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.espn.com/olympics/cycling/news/story?id=2896276 |title = Tour no longer lists Riis as champ after doping admission| agency=Associated Press/ESPN| date=7 June 2007}}</ref> In July 2008, the Tour reconfirmed his victory but with an asterisk label to indicate his doping offences.<ref name="GuideHistorique">{{cite web|url=http://www.letour.fr/2009/TDF/COURSE/docs/histo2009_05.pdf|publisher=[[Amaury Sport Organisation|ASO]]|page=95|title=Guide Historique|author=Augendre, Jacques|language=fr|access-date=18 August 2009|year=2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019082316/http://www.letour.fr/2009/TDF/COURSE/docs/histo2009_05.pdf|archive-date=19 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2013 [[Jan Ullrich]], the first German rider to win the Tour (in [[1997 Tour de France|1997]]), admitted to blood doping.