Editing Torino scale (section)

==Actual impacts and impact energy comparisons==
[[File:Tunguska Ereignis-1.jpg|thumb|Burned and flattened trees after the Tunguska event in 1908.]]
The [[Chicxulub crater|Chicxulub impact]], believed by most scientists to have been a significant factor in the [[Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event|extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs]], has been estimated at 100 million (10<sup>8</sup>) megatons. Were an equivalent impact predicted with a probability of 99% or more, it would rate 10 on the Torino scale. The impacts that created the [[Barringer Crater]] and the 1908 [[Tunguska event]] are both estimated to have been in the 3–10 [[TNT equivalent|megaton]] range,<ref name=Sandia>{{cite web |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-12/dnl-sso121807.php|title=Sandia supercomputers offer new explanation of Tunguska disaster |publisher=Sandia National Laboratories |date=December 17, 2007 |access-date=February 21, 2021 |archive-date=June 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608194615/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-12/dnl-sso121807.php |url-status=live}}</ref> thus, if a similar impact had been predicted with near certainty, it would correspond to Torino scale 8. The 2013 [[Chelyabinsk meteor]] had a total kinetic energy prior to impact of about 0.5 megatons, thus, regardless of impact probability, it would only rate 0 on the Torino scale - despite breaking over 3600 windows and injuring around 1500 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Falling to earth: The Chelyabinsk Meteorite |url=https://www.nms.ac.uk/discover-catalogue/falling-to-earth-the-chelyabinsk-meteorite |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=National Museums Scotland |language=en}}</ref> Between 2000 and 2013, 26 atmospheric asteroid impacts with an energy of 1–600 kilotons were detected by the network of infrasound sensors operated by the [[Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sentinelmission.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/B612_PR_042214.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=September 5, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905214015/http://sentinelmission.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/B612_PR_042214.pdf |archive-date=September 5, 2014 }}</ref>

The biggest [[hydrogen bomb]] ever exploded, the [[Tsar Bomba]], was around 50 megatons. The [[1883 eruption of Krakatoa]] was the equivalent of roughly 200 megatons.

The comet [[C/2013 A1]], which passed close to [[Mars]] in 2014, was originally estimated to have a potential impact energy of 5 million to 24 billion megatons, and in March 2013 was estimated to have a Mars impact probability of ~1:1250, corresponding to the Martian equivalent of Torino scale 6.<ref name="Elenin0303">{{cite web |date=March 3, 2013 |title=Close approach to Mars. Up-to-date analysis |publisher=SpaceObs.org blog (ISON-NM) |first=Leonid|last=Elenin|url=http://spaceobs.org/en/2013/03/03/probability-of-collision-with-mars/|access-date=March 3, 2013 |archive-date=March 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307081417/http://spaceobs.org/en/2013/03/03/probability-of-collision-with-mars/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> The impact probability was reduced to ~1:120000 in April 2013, corresponding to Torino scale 1 or 2.<ref>{{cite web |title=News – Comet to Make Close Flyby of Red Planet in October 2014 |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-081 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308140413/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-081 |archive-date=March 8, 2013 |access-date=June 5, 2013 |work=NASA/JPL}}</ref>