Editing Timothy Leary (section)

==== Dissension over studies ====
[[File:TimothyLeary-LectureTour-SUNYAB-1969.jpg|thumb|Timothy Leary, family, and band at the State University of New York at Buffalo during his 1969 lecture tour]]

The Concord conclusions were contested in a follow-up study on the basis of time differences monitoring the study group vs. the control group and differences between subjects re-incarcerated for parole violations and those imprisoned for new crimes. The researchers concluded that statistically only a slight improvement could be attributed to psilocybin, in contrast to the significant improvement reported by Leary and his colleagues.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maps.org/news-letters/v09n4/09410con.html |title=Dr. Leary's Concord Prison Experiment: A 34 Year Follow-Up Study |publisher=Maps.org |access-date=May 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322200535/http://www.maps.org/news-letters/v09n4/09410con.html |archive-date=March 22, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rick Doblin]] suggested that Leary had fallen prey to the [[Halo Effect]], skewing the results and clinical conclusions. Doblin further accused Leary of lacking "a higher standard" or "highest ethical standards in order to regain the trust of regulators". [[Ralph Metzner]] rebuked Doblin for these assertions: "In my opinion, the existing accepted standards of honesty and truthfulness are perfectly adequate. We have those standards, not to curry favor with regulators, but because it is the agreement within the scientific community that observations should be reported accurately and completely. There is no proof in any of this re-analysis that Leary unethically manipulated his data."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maps.org/research/ralphmetzner_concord_follow-up.pdf |title=Reflections on the Concord Prison Project and the Follow-Up Study |publisher=Maps.org |access-date=May 19, 2014 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505094936/http://www.maps.org/research/ralphmetzner_concord_follow-up.pdf |archive-date=May 5, 2014 }} Archived from the original on July 24, 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Doblin |first=Rick|title= Dr. Leary's Concord Prison Experiment:A 34 Year Follow-Up Study|work=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs |issue=4 |pages=419–426|date=1998|volume=30 }}</ref>

Leary and Alpert founded the International Federation for Internal Freedom (IFIF) in 1962 in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], to carry out studies in the religious use of psychedelic drugs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timothylearyarchives.org/international-federation-for-internal-freedom-statement-of-purpose/|title=International Federation For Internal Freedom – Statement of Purpose|publisher=timothylearyarchives.org|date=March 21, 2009|access-date=September 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823073645/http://www.timothylearyarchives.org/international-federation-for-internal-freedom-statement-of-purpose/|archive-date=August 23, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfnp|Lee|Shlain|1992|p=36}} This was run by Lisa Bieberman (now known as Licia Kuenning), a friend of Leary.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lycaeum.org/drugs.old/hyperreal/millbrook/ch-04.html |title=4: Sir Dinadan the Humorist |publisher=Lycaeum.org |access-date=May 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224122442/http://www.lycaeum.org/drugs.old/hyperreal/millbrook/ch-04.html |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{sfnp|Higgs|2006|p=50}} ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]'' called her a "disciple" who ran a Psychedelic Information Center out of her home and published a national LSD newspaper.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=134589 |title=Court Finds Lisa Bieberman Guilty Of Violations of Federal Drug Laws &#124; News &#124; The Harvard Crimson |publisher=Thecrimson.com |date=November 18, 1966 |access-date=May 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225080415/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=134589 |archive-date=February 25, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> That publication was actually Leary and Alpert's journal ''Psychedelic Review'' and Bieberman (a graduate of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study]] at Harvard, who had volunteered for Leary as a student) was its circulation manager.<ref name=HiattJune2016>{{cite news|last=Hiatt|first=Nathaniel J.|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2016/5/23/trip-down-memory-lane/|title=A Trip Down Memory Lane: LSD at Harvard|newspaper=Harvard Crimson|date=May 23, 2016|access-date=September 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919105932/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2016/5/23/trip-down-memory-lane/|archive-date=September 19, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=hanna|first=jon|url=https://www.erowid.org/culture/characters/bieberman_lisa/bieberman_lisa_biography1.shtml|title=Erowid Character Vaults: Lisa Bieberman Extended Biography|publisher=Erowid.org|date=March 28, 2012|access-date=September 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925132326/https://www.erowid.org/culture/characters/bieberman_lisa/bieberman_lisa_biography1.shtml|archive-date=September 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Leary's and Alpert's research attracted so much attention that many who wanted to participate in the experiments had to be turned away. To satisfy the curiosity of those who were turned away, a black market for psychedelics sprang up near the Harvard campus.{{sfnp|Weil|1963}}