Editing Timeline of Christian missions (section)

== 1600 to 1699 ==
{{See also|Christianity in the 17th century|Timeline of Christianity#17th century}}
* 1600 – French missionaries arrive in the area of what is now [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan]]
* 1601 – First ordination of Japanese priests
* 1602 – Chinese scientist and translator [[Xu Guangqi]] is baptized
* 1603 – The Jesuit Mission Press in Japan commences publication of a Japanese- Portuguese dictionary
* 1604 – Jesuit missionary Abbè [[Jessè Flèchè]] arrives at [[Habitation at Port-Royal|Port Royal, Nova Scotia]]
* 1605 – [[Roberto de Nobili]] goes to India<ref name=kanep64>Kane, p. 64</ref>
* 1606 – Japanese ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] bans Christianity
* 1607 – Missionary [[Juan Fonte]] establishes the first Jesuit mission among the [[Tarahumara]] in the [[Sierra Madre Occidental|Sierra Madre Mountains]] of Northwest Mexico
* 1608 – A missionary expedition into the [[Ceará]] area of [[Brazil]] fails when the Tacariju kill the Jesuit leader
* 1609 – Missionary [[Nicolas Trigault]] goes to China; he will soon (1615) publish [[De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas|Ricci's journals]] in Europe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yutopian.com/religion/missionary/Trigault.html |title=Nicolas Trigault (1577-1628 A.D.) |work=Yutopian.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1610 – Chinese mathematician and astronomer [[Li Zhizao]] is [[baptism|baptized]]<ref>Anderson, p. 399</ref>
* 1611 – Two Jesuits begin work among [[Mi'kmaq people|Mi'kmaq]] Indians of [[Nova Scotia]]<ref name=kanep68/>
* 1612 – Jesuits found a mission for the [[Abenaki people|Abenaki]]s in [[Maine]]<ref name=kanep68/>
* 1613 – Missionary [[Alvarus de Semedo]] goes to China
* 1614 – Anti-Christian edicts issued in Japan with over 40,000 Christians being massacred<ref name=barrettp27>Barrett, p. 27</ref>
* 1615 – French missionaries in Canada open schools in [[Trois-Rivières, Quebec|Trois-Rivières]] and [[Tadoussac, Quebec|Tadoussac]] to teach [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] children with the hopes of converting them
* 1616 – Nanjing Missionary Case in which the clash between Chinese practice of [[ancestor worship]] and [[Roman Catholic church|Catholic]] doctrine ends in the deportation of foreign missionaries. Missionary [[Johann Adam Schall von Bell]] arrives in China
* 1617 – Portuguese missionary Francisco de Pina arrives in [[Vietnam]]
* 1618 – Portuguese [[Carmelites]] go from [[Persian Empire|Persia]] to [[Pakistan]] to establish a church in [[Thatta]] (near [[Karachi]])
* 1619 – [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] missionaries found the [[University of St. Tomas]] in the Philippine islands
* 1620 – [[Carmelites]] enter [[Goa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ocd.pcn.net/mission/mis_hMA.htm |title=Carmelite mission to Malabar |work=Ocd.pcn.net |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-date=2018-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819010823/http://www.ocd.pcn.net/mission/mis_hMA.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1621 – The [[Augustinians]] establish themselves in [[Chittagong]]
* 1622 – [[Pope Gregory VI]] founds the [[Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith]]. This becomes the major Papal agency for coordinating and directing missionary work<ref>Herbermann, p. 456</ref>
* 1623 – A stone monument ([[Xi'an Stele]])  is unearthed in [[Xi'an]] (Si-ngan-fu), China. Its inscription, written by a Syrian monk almost a thousand years earlier and in both Chinese characters and Persian script, begins with the words, "Let us praise the Lord that the [Christian] faith has been popular in China"; it told of the arrival of a missionary, [[A-lo-pen]] (Abraham), in AD 625. [[Alvaro Semedo]] and other Jesuits soon publicize the stele's discovery in Europe.
* 1624 – Persecution intensifies in Japan with 50 Christians being burned alive in [[Edo]] (now called Tokyo)
* 1625 – [[Vietnam]] expels missionaries<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/asia/rsv/rsv10.htm |title=The Religions of South Vietnam in Faith and Fact: VII. Roman Catholicism in South Vietnam |work=Sacred-texts.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1626 – After entering Japan in disguise, Jesuit missionary Francis Pacheco is captured and executed at [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]]<ref>Delaney, John J. and James Edward Tobin. ''Dictionary of Catholic Biography'', Doubleday, 1961, p. 227</ref>
* 1627 – [[Alexander de Rhodes]] goes to [[Vietnam]] where in three years of ministry he baptizes 6,700 converts<ref name=barrettp27/>
* 1628 – [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] established in Rome to train "native clergy" from all over the world
* 1629 – Franciscan missionary [[Alonzo Benavides]] founds Santa Clara de Capo on the border of [[Apache]] Indian country in what is now [[New Mexico]]
* 1630 – An attempt is made in the [[El Paso, Texas]] area to establish a mission among the Mansos Indians
* 1631 – Dutch clergyman [[Abraham Rogerius]] (anglicized as Roger), who authored ''Open Door to the Secrets of Heathendom'' (1651), begins 10 years of ministry among the [[Tamil people]] in the Dutch colony of [[Pulicat]] near Madras, India<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 277</ref>
* 1632 – [[Zuni people|Zuni]] Indians murder a group of [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] missionaries who had three years earlier established the first mission to the Zunis at Hawikuh in what is now [[New Mexico]]
* 1633 – Emperor [[Fasilides of Ethiopia|Fasilides]] expels the [[Jesuit]] missionaries in [[Ethiopia]]; the German [[Lutheran]] Church sends [[Peter Heyling]] as the first [[Protestantism|Protestant]] missionary to Ethiopia.<ref>Henze, p. 99</ref>
* 1634 – Jesuit missionary Jean de Brèbeuf travels to the [[Wyandot people|Petun nation]] (in Canada) and baptizes a 40-year-old man.
* 1635 – An expedition of Franciscans leaves [[Quito]], [[Ecuador]], to try to penetrate into [[Amazon basin|Amazonia]] from the west. Though most of them will be killed along the way, a few will manage to arrive two years later on the Atlantic coast.
* 1636 – The [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] of [[Manila]] (the Philippines) organize a missionary expedition to Japan. They are arrested on one of the [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa islands]] and will be eventually condemned to death by the tribunal of [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]].
* 1637 – When [[smallpox]] kills thousands of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], tribal [[medicine man|medicine men]] blame European missionaries for the disaster
* 1638 – Official ban of Christianity in Japan with death penalty; ''The Fountain Opened'', a posthumous work of the influential [[Puritan]] writer [[Richard Sibbes]] is published, in which he says that the gospel must continue its journey "til it have gone over the whole world."
* 1639 – The first women to [[New France]] as missionaries—three [[Ursulines|Ursuline]] Nuns—board the "St. Joseph" and set sail for [[New France]]
{{See also|Modern history of Christianity#Age of Enlightenment (1640–1740)}}
* 1640 – Jesuit missionaries arrive on the [[Caribbean Sea|Caribbean]] island of [[Martinique]]; Jesuit [[Lodovico Buglio]] [[Catholic Church in Sichuan|arrives in Sichuan]]
* 1641 – Jesuit missionary Cristoval de Acuna describes the [[Amazon River]] in a written report to the king of Spain
* 1642 – Catholic missionaries [[Isaac Jogues]] and [[Rene Goupil]] are captured by [[Mohawk Nation|Mohawk Indians]] as they return to Huron country from [[Quebec]]. Goupil was tomahawked to death while Jogues will be held for a period of time as a slave. He used his slavery as an opportunity for missionary work<ref name="Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 176">Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 176</ref>
* 1643 – [[John Campanius]], [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] missionary to the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indians]], arrives in America on the [[Delaware River]]; Reformed pastor [[Johannes Megapolensis]] begins outreach to [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] while pastoring at [[Albany, New York]]
* 1644 – [[John Eliot (missionary)|John Eliot]] begins ministry to [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] Indians in North America{{sfn|Tucker|2004|p=75}}
* 1645 – After thirty years of work in [[Vietnam]], the Jesuits are expelled from that country
* 1646 – After being accused of being a sorcerer, Jesuit missionary [[Isaac Jogues]] is killed by the [[Iroquois]]<ref name="Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 176"/>
* 1647 – The Discalced [[Carmelites]] begin work on [[Madagascar]]<ref name="ewtn.com"/>
* 1648 – [[Baptism]] of Helena and other members of the [[Ming dynasty|imperial Ming family]]
* 1649 – [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel In New England]] formed to reach the Indians of [[New England]]<ref name=kanep82>Kane, p. 82</ref>
* 1650 – The destruction of Huronia by the [[Iroquois]] puts an end to the Jesuits' dream of making the [[Wyandot people|Huron Indians]] the focal point of their [[evangelism]]
* 1651 – Count Truchsess of Wetzhausen, prominent [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] layman, asks the theological faculty of [[Wittenberg]] why Lutherans are not sending out missionaries in obedience to the [[Great Commission]]<ref>Olson, p. 115</ref>
* 1652 – Jesuit Antonio Vieira returns to [[Brazil]] as a missionary where he will champion the cause of exploited [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous peoples]] until being expelled by Portuguese colonists<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 164</ref>
* 1653 – A [[Mohawk Nation|Mohawk]] war party captures Jesuit [[Joseph Poncet]] near [[Montreal]]. He is tortured and will be finally sent back with a message about peace overtures
* 1654 – John Eliot publishes a [[catechism]] for [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]]{{sfn|Tucker|2004|p=78}}
* 1655 – Jinga or Zinga, princess of [[Matamba]] in [[Angola]] is converted;<ref name=kanep69/> later she will write to the [[Pope]] urging that more missionaries be sent
* 1656 – First [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] missionaries arrive in what is now [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
* 1657 – [[Thomas Mayhew]], Jr., is lost at sea during a voyage to England that was to combine an appeal for missionary funds with personal business
* 1658 – After the flight of the [[French people|French]] missionaries from his area, chief [[Daniel Garakonthie]] of the [[Onondaga (tribe)|Onondaga]] Indians, examines the customs of the French colonists and the doctrines of the missionaries and openly begins protecting Christians in his part of what is now New York
* 1659 – Jesuit [[Alexander de Rhodes]] establishes the [[Paris Foreign Missions Society]]
* 1660 – Christianity is introduced into [[Cambodia]]
* 1661 – [[George Fox]], founder of the [[Religious Society of Friends]] (Quakers) sends 3 missionaries to China (although they never reached the field)<ref name="kanep76"/>
* 1662 – French Jesuit missionary [[Julien Garnier]] sails for Canada
* 1663 – John Eliot's [[Bible translations|translation of the Bible]] into one of the [[Algonquian languages]] is published (the New Testament came out two years earlier). This Bible was the first complete Bible to be printed in the [[New World]]<ref>Glover, p. 55</ref>
* 1664 – [[Justinian von Welz]]<ref>[[:de:Justinian von Welz]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=February 2025}} authors three powerful pamphlets on the need for world missions; he will go to Dutch Guinea (now called [[Surinam (Dutch colony)|Surinam]]) where he will die after only three months<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ciu.edu/seminary/resources/articles/missions/from_luther_to_carey_pietism.php |title=From Luther To Carey: Pietism And |work=Ciu.edu |date=2002-11-01 |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516081847/http://www.ciu.edu/seminary/resources/articles/missions/from_luther_to_carey_pietism.php |archive-date=May 16, 2008 }}</ref>
* 1665 – Japanese feudal landholders (called ''[[daimyō]]s'') were ordered to follow the shogunate's example and to appoint inquisitors to do a yearly scutiny of Christians
* 1666 – John Eliot publishes his ''The Indian Grammar'', a book written to assist in conversion work among the [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]]. Described as "some bones and ribs preparation for such a work", Eliot intended his ''Grammar'' for missionaries wishing to learn the dialect spoken by the [[Massachusett]] Indians.
* 1667 – The first missionary to attempt to reach the [[Huaorani]] (or Aucas), Jesuit Pedro Suarez, is slain with spears<ref>Elliot, Elisabeth. ''Through Gates of Splendor'', Tyndale House Publishers, 1986, p. 15</ref>
* 1668 – New Testament translated into the [[Malay language]] (the first [[Bible translations|Bible translation]] into a language of [[southeast Asia]]). - In a letter from his post in Canada, [[French people|French]] missionary Jacques Bruyas laments his ignorance of the [[Oneida tribe|Oneida]] language: "What can a man do who does not understand their language, and who is not understood when he speaks. As yet, I do nothing but stammer; nevertheless, in four months I have baptized 60 persons, among whom there are only four adults, baptized in ''periculo mortis''. All the rest are little children."
* 1669 – Eager to compete with the Jesuits for conversion of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian Nations]] on the western [[Great Lakes]], [[Society of Saint-Sulpice|Sulpilcian]] missionaries [[François Dollier de Casson]] and [[René Bréhant de Galinée]] set out from [[Montreal]] with twenty-seven men in seven [[canoe]]s led by two canoes of [[Seneca nation|Seneca Indians]]
* 1670 – Jesuits establish missions on the [[Orinoco]] River in [[Venezuela]]
* 1671 – [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] missionaries arrive in [[the Carolinas]]
* 1672 – A chieftain on [[Guam]] kills Jesuit missionary [[San Vitores|Diego Luis de San Vitores]] and his Visayan assistant, [[Pedro Calungsod]], for having baptized the chief's daughter without his permission (some accounts do say the girl's mother consented to the [[baptism]])
* 1673 – [[French people|French]] trader [[Louis Jolliet]] and missionary [[Jacques Marquette]] visit what is now the state of [[Illinois]], where the latter establishes a mission for Native Americans<ref>Herbermann, p. 388</ref>
* 1674 – [[Society of Saint Vincent de Paul|Vincentian]] mission to [[Madagascar]] collapses after 25 years of abortive effort<ref>Gow, Bonar. ''Madagascar and the Protestant Impact: The Work of the British Missions, 1818-95'', Dalhousie University Press, 1979, p. 2.</ref>
* 1675 – An uprising on the islands of [[Micronesia]] leads to the death of three Christian missionaries
* 1676 – [[Kateri Tekakwitha]], who became known as the Lily of the [[Mohawk nation|Mohawks]], is [[baptism|baptized]] by a Jesuit missionary. She, along with many other Native Americans, joins a missionary settlement in Canada where a syncretistic blend of ascetic indigenous and Catholic beliefs evolves.
* 1678 – French missionaries Jean La Salle and [[Louis Hennepin]] discover [[Niagara Falls]]
* 1679 – Writing from [[Changzhou]], newly arrived missionary Juan de Yrigoyen describes three Christian congregations flourishing in that Chinese city<ref>[http://www.pacificrim.usfca.edu/research/pacrimreport/pacrimreport17.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626131105/http://www.pacificrim.usfca.edu/research/pacrimreport/pacrimreport17.html|date=June 26, 2010}}</ref>
* 1680 – The [[Pueblo Revolt]] begins in [[New Mexico]] with the killing of twenty-one Franciscan missionaries
* 1681 – After arriving in [[New Spain]], Italian Jesuit [[Eusebio Kino]] soon becomes what one writer described as "the most picturesque missionary pioneer of all North America." A bundle of evangelistic zeal, Kino was also an explorer, astronomer, cartographer, mission builder, ranchman, cattle king, and defender of the frontier<ref>Anderson, p. 367</ref>
* 1682 – 13 missionaries go to "remote cities" in East [[Siberia]]
* 1683 – Missionary [[Louis Hennepin]] returns to France after exploring [[Minnesota]] and being held captive by the [[Sioux|Dakota]] to write the first book about Minnesota, ''Description de la Louisiane''
* 1684 – [[Louis XIV of France]] sends Jesuit missionaries to China bearing gifts from the collections of the [[Louvre]] and the [[Palace of Versailles]]
* 1685 – Consecration of first [[Roman Catholic church|Catholic]] bishop of Chinese origin
* 1686 – [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] monks arrive in China as missionaries
* 1687 – St [[Joseph Vaz]] arrives in Sri Lanka where he revives Catholicism after persecution from the Dutch
* 1687 – [[French people|French]] activity begins in what is now [[Ivory Coast]] when missionaries land at [[Assinie]]
* 1689 – [[Calusa]] Indian chief from what is the state of [[Florida]] visits [[Cuba]] to discuss idea of having missionaries come to his people<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/rrc/online.htm |title=Welcome to the Randell Research Center in Pineland, Florida |work=Flmnh.ufl.edu |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1690 – First Franciscan missionaries arrive in [[Texas]]
* 1691 – Christian Faith Society for the West Indies was organized with a focus on evangelizing African slaves<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/12/261.htm |title=Lambeth Palace Library: Papers of the Christian Faith Society |publisher=Mundus.ac.uk |date=2002-03-12 |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1692 – Chinese [[Kangxi Emperor]] permits the Jesuits to freely preach Christianity, converting whom they wish
* 1693 – Jesuit missionary [[John de Britto]] is publicly beheaded in India
* 1694 – Missionary and explorer [[Eusebio Kino]] becomes the first European to enter the [[Tucson, Arizona]] basin and create a lasting settlement
* 1695 – China's first [[Russian Orthodox church]] building is consecrated
* 1696 – Jesuit missionary Francois Pinet founds the Mission of the Guardian Angel near what is today Chicago. The mission was abandoned in 1700 when missionary efforts seemed fruitless
* 1697 – To evangelize the [[English colonization of the Americas|English colonies]], [[Thomas Bray]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] preacher who made several missionary trips to North America, begins laying the groundwork for what will be the [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]]<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 189</ref>
* 1698 – [[Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge]] organized by [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]]<ref name=kanep82/>
* 1699 – Priests of the Quebec Seminary of Foreign Missions establish a mission among the [[Tamaroa (tribe)|Tamaroa]] Indians at [[Cahokia]] in what is now the state of Illinois