Editing Tibetan Buddhism (section)

===Mongol dominance (13th–14th centuries)===
{{Main|Tibet under Yuan rule}}

Tibetan Buddhism exerted a strong influence from the 11th century CE among the peoples of [[Inner Asia]], especially the [[Mongols]], and Tibetan and [[Buddhism in Mongolia|Mongolian Buddhism]] influenced each other. This was done with the help of [[Kublai Khan]] and Mongolian [[Theology|theologians]] influenced by the [[Church of the East]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jenott |first=Lance |date=2002-05-07 |title=The Eastern (Nestorian) Church |url=https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/religion/nestorians/nestorians.html |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=Silk Road Seattle |publisher=[[University of Washington]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nestorians |url=https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/N/nestorians.html |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=[[Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature|McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia Online]] |publisher=[[SwordSearcher|StudyLamp Software]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chua |first=Amy |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/123079516 |title=Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance–and Why They Fall |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-385-51284-8 |edition=1st |location=[[New York City|New York]] |pages=116–119, 121 |oclc=123079516 |author-link=Amy Chua}}</ref>

The [[Mongol invasions of Tibet|Mongols invaded Tibet]] in 1240 and 1244.{{sfnp|Shakabpa|1967|p=61|ps=: 'thirty thousand troops, under the command of Leje and Dorta, reached Phanpo, north of Lhasa.'}}{{sfnp|Sanders|2003|p=309|ps=: ''his grandson Godan Khan invaded Tibet with 30000 men and destroyed several Buddhist monasteries north of Lhasa''}}{{sfnp|Buell|2011|p=194}}{{sfnp|Shakabpa|1967|pp=61–62}} They eventually annexed [[Amdo]] and [[Kham]] and appointed the great scholar and abbot [[Sakya Pandita]] (1182–1251) as Viceroy of Central Tibet in 1249.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gwydionwilliams.com/42-china/tibet/how-tibet-emerged-within-the-chinese-empire/|title=How Tibet Emerged Within the Wider Chinese Power-Political Zone|date=2015-04-18|work=Long Revolution|access-date=2018-03-23|language=en-US}}</ref>

In this way, Tibet was incorporated into the [[Mongol Empire]], with the Sakya hierarchy retaining nominal power over religious and regional political affairs, while the Mongols retained structural and administrative{{sfnp|Wylie|1990|p=104}} rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. Tibetan Buddhism was adopted as the ''de facto'' [[state religion]] by the Mongol [[Yuan dynasty]] (1271–1368) of [[Kublai Khan]].<ref name="Huntington_et_al"/>

It was also during this period that the [[Tibetan Buddhist canon]] was compiled, primarily led by the efforts of the scholar [[Buton Rinchen Drub|Butön Rinchen Drup]] (1290–1364). A part of this project included the carving of the canon into [[Woodblock printing|wood blocks for printing]], and the first copies of these texts were kept at [[Narthang Monastery|Narthang monastery]].{{sfnp|Powers|2007|p=162}}

Tibetan Buddhism in China was also [[Syncretism|syncretized]] with [[Chinese Buddhism]] and [[Chinese folk religion]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wood |first=Michael |title=The Story of China: The Epic History of a World Power from the Middle Kingdom to Mao and the China Dream |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-250-20257-4 |edition=First U.S. |location=New York |pages=363 |author-link=Michael Wood (historian)}}</ref>