Editing Thiruvananthapuram (section)

===Late Modern Period===
In the early 18th century CE, the [[Travancore royal family]] adopted some members from the royal family of [[Kolathunadu]] based at [[Kannur]].<ref>Travancore State Manual</ref> Then, [[Marthanda Varma]] who inherited the Kingdom of Venad expanded the kingdom by conquering the kingdoms of Attingal, Kollam, Kayamkulam, Kottarakara, Kottayam, Changanassery, Meenachil, Poonjar and Ambalapuzha. In 1729, [[Marthanda Varma]] founded the princely state of [[Travancore|Thiruvithamkoor]] and Thiruvananthapuram was made the capital in 1795 after shifting the capital from [[Padmanabhapuram]] in [[Kanyakumari]] district.<ref name="district history">{{cite web |title=History |url=https://trivandrum.gov.in/history/ |website=District Administration Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> Thiruvananthapuram became a prominent city in Kerala under [[Marthanda Varma]].<ref name="Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc 2013">{{Britannica|606138|Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref> 
[[File:A language map of India prepared for the missionary projects at Serampore, 1822.jpg|thumbnail|A language map of India prepared in 1822.]]
As a result of the annexation of neighbouring [[chiefdom]]s, the artists and scholars from these places migrated to Thiruvananthapuram, turning it into a cultural center. Marthanda Varma gave patronage to different temple art forms including ''Koothu'', ''Padhakam'', ''Kathakali'', ''Thullal'', and ''Koodiyattam''. Noted artists such as [[Ramapurathu Warrier]] and [[Kunchan Nambiar]] amongst others served as his court poets.<ref name="Gauri Lakshmi Bayi 1998 152–168">{{cite book |last=Gauri Lakshmi Bayi |first=Aswathi Thirunal |title=Sreepadmanabhaswami Kshetram |year=1998 |publisher=The State Institute Of Languages |location=Thiruvananthapuram |isbn=978-81-7638-028-7 |pages=152–168}}</ref> Travancore became the most dominant state in Kerala by defeating the powerful [[Zamorin]] of [[History of Kozhikode|Kozhikode]] in the battle of [[Purakkad]] in 1755.<ref name="AHoT 162"/>

The city developed into a significant intellectual and artistic centre during this period. The city's golden age was during the mid-19th century under the reign of [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Maharaja Swathi Thirunal]] and [[Ayilyam Thirunal|Maharaja Ayilyam Thirunal]]. This era saw the establishment of the first English school (1834), the [[Trivandrum Observatory|Observatory]] (1837), the General Hospital (1839), [[the Oriental Research Institute & Manuscripts Library]] and the University College (1873). The first mental hospital in the state was started during the same period. [[Sanskrit College]], Ayurveda College, [[Law College]] and a second-grade college for women were started by [[Moolam Thirunal]] (1885–1924).<ref name="History of Thiruvananthapuram">{{cite web |publisher=Govt. of Kerala |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/about-corporation |title=About Corporation |access-date=17 May 2017}}</ref>