Editing Thessaly (section)

===Ottoman period===
Ottoman control began in the late 14th century with the capture of Larissa in 1392-93 and consolidated in the early 15th century. Nevertheless, Ottoman control was threatened throughout this era by groups of Greeks, Albanians and Aromanians who based themselves in the mountainous areas of Thessaly.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Savvides |first1=Alexis |title=Splintered Medieval Hellenism : The Semi-Autonomous State of Thessaly (A.d. 1213/1222 to 1454/1470) and ITS Place in History |journal=Byzantion |date=1998 |volume=68 |issue=2 |page=416 |jstor=44172339 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44172339 |quote= Following the Ottoman capture of Larissa in 1392/1393, the Turkish forces moved southward towards Hellas and invaded the Peloponnese, which had already experienced their initial devastations; the next decades would witness the building-up of local resistance in Thessaly on the part of sections of Greeks, Albanians and Vlachs, who had taken to the mountains}}</ref> At the time of the Ottoman conquest, the great Eastern plain of Thessaly was almost entirely depopulated as a result of the nearly continuous warfare of the previous decades. It was resettled by Turkish settlers from Western [[Anatolia]] and [[Greeks]] from Western Thessaly and the surrounding mountains. In the following decades, the population of this area grew very rapidly as a result of law and order.<ref>{{Citation |last=Kiel |first=Machiel |title=The Ottoman Imperial Registers |date=2016-10-03 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dqhd.21 |work=Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 BC - AD 1800) |pages=196–198 |access-date=2023-03-21 |publisher=Oxbow Books|doi=10.2307/j.ctvh1dqhd.21 }}</ref> Thessaly was ruled through the [[Sanjak of Tirhala]] administrative division during the [[Ottoman Greece|Ottoman period]]. In the 1520s, [[Muslims]] made up of 17.5% of the population of the Sanjak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minkov |first=Anton |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191947039 |title=Conversion to Islam in the Balkans : Kisve bahası petitions and Ottoman social life, 1670-1730 |date=2004 |isbn=1-4237-1251-X |location=Leiden |pages=49 |oclc=191947039}}</ref>

Failed Greek uprisings occurred in [[Thessaly Rebellion (1600)|1600/1]] and 1612, and during the [[Morean War]] (1684–1699) and the [[Orlov Revolt]] (1770).{{sfn|Savvides|2000|pp=420–422}}

In 1780, [[Ali Pasha of Ioannina]] took over control of Thessaly, and consolidated his rule after 1808, when he suppressed a local uprising. Heavy taxation, however, ruined the province's commerce, and coupled with the outbreak of the plague in 1813, reduced the population to some 200,000 by 1820.{{sfn|Savvides|2000|pp=420–422}} [[Rigas Feraios]], the important Greek intellectual and forerunner of the [[Greek War of Independence]] was from the region. He was born in [[Velestino]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmJqMflYgoC&pg=PA159 |title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans: National Ideologies and Language Policies |volume=1 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |date=June 13, 2013 |isbn=978-9004250765 |page=159 |first1=Roumen Dontchev |last1=Daskalov |first2=Tchavdar |last2=Marinov}}</ref> near the ancient town of [[Pherae]].

When the [[Greek War of Independence]] broke out in 1821, Greek risings occurred in the [[Pelion]] and [[Mount Olympus|Olympus]] mountains as well as the western mountains around Fanari, but they were swiftly suppressed by the Ottoman armies under [[Reşid Mehmed Pasha|Mehmed Reshid Pasha]] and [[Mahmud Dramali Pasha]].{{sfn|Savvides|2000|pp=420–422}} After the establishment of the independent [[Kingdom of Greece]], Greek nationalist agitation continued, with further revolts in 1841, in 1854 during the [[Crimean War]], and again during the [[Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878]]. In 1880 Thessaly's population consisted of approximately 285,000 Greeks, 40,000 Turks, and 40,000 Jews.{{sfn|Savvides|2000|pp=420–422}}