Editing Theseus (section)

===Abduction of Persephone and encounter with Hades===
[[File:Theseus Helene Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2309 n2.jpg|thumb|Theseus carries off Helen, on an [[Attica|Attic]] red-figure [[amphora]], c. 510 BC]]

Theseus, a great abductor of women, and his bosom companion, [[Pirithous]], since they were sons of Zeus and Poseidon, pledged themselves to marry daughters of Zeus.<ref>Scholia on ''Iliad'' III.144 and a fragment (#227) of [[Pindar]], according to Kerenyi 1951:237, note 588.</ref> Theseus, in an old tradition,<ref>[[Athenaeus]], ''[[Deipnosophistae]]'' [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=turn&id=Literature.AthV3&entity=Literature.AthV3.p0079&q1=helen&pview=hide 13.4 (557a)];

cf. Kerenyi (1959:234) and note.</ref> chose [[Helen of Troy|Helen]], and together they kidnapped her, intending to keep her until she was old enough to marry. Pirithous chose [[Persephone]], even though she was already married to [[Hades]], king of the underworld. They left Helen with Theseus's mother, [[Aethra (Greek mythology)|Aethra]] at [[Aphidna]], whence she was rescued by the [[Dioscuri]].

On Pirithous's behalf they rather unwisely traveled to the underworld, domain of [[Persephone]] and her husband [[Hades]]. As they wandered through the outskirts of [[Tartarus]], Theseus sat down to rest on a rock. As he did so he felt his limbs change and grow stiff. He tried to rise but could not. He was fixed to the rock. As he turned to cry out to his friend, he saw that Pirithous too was crying out. Around him gathered the terrible band of [[Furies]] with snakes in their hair, torches, and long whips in their hands. Before these monsters, the hero's courage failed and he was led away to eternal punishment.

For many months in half-darkness, Theseus sat immovably fixed to the rock, mourning for both his friend and for himself. In the end, he was rescued by [[Heracles]] who had come to the underworld for his 12th task. There he persuaded Persephone to forgive him for the part he had taken in the rash venture of Pirithous. So Theseus was restored to the upper air but Pirithous never left the kingdom of the dead, for when Heracles tried to free Pirithous, the underworld shook. They then decided the task was beyond any hero and left. When Theseus returned to Athens, he found that the [[Dioscuri]] had taken Helen and Aethra to [[Sparta]].