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The Dalles, Oregon
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==Geography== [[Image:The Dalles from distance.jpg|thumb|right|The Dalles and the Columbia River showing surrounding landscape]] Highways [[Interstate 84 in Oregon|I-84]], [[U.S. Route 30 in Oregon|US 30]], and [[U.S. Route 197|US 197]] meet in the city. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|20.61|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|20.35|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.26|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=January 12, 2012}}</ref> ===Climate=== {{more citations needed|date=December 2013}} The Dalles is usually classified as a semiarid (KΓΆppen ''BSk'') climate region. However, it has some characteristics of the midlatitude oceanic climate that dominates west of the Cascade Mountains, combined with seasonal precipitation patterns very similar to those found in Mediterranean climates. The city's location in the eastern Columbia Gorge results in the presence of numerous microclimates within a few miles of town. To the immediate west, the winters are significantly wetter, and summers are significantly cooler. In contrast, upland locations to the south are significantly cooler in all seasons. The generally warm and dry summers near town make it the ideal climate for the numerous [[Bing cherry]] orchards in the area. The summer season runs from mid-June through early September and is quite warm by Pacific Northwest standards; however, summer weather often oscillates between intense heat waves and much cooler and windier periods. Except for the occasional sporadic thunderstorm, there is almost no summer rainfall. From late September through early November, the area experiences an abrupt autumn during which normal temperatures drop very rapidly and cloudy, wet weather quickly picks up. Prior to the sudden onset of the rainy season in mid- to late fall, there are often days with a very wide disparity between daytime and nighttime temperatures, sometimes exceeding {{convert|36|F-change|C-change|disp=or}}. There is far less wind in the fall than in spring and early summer, though passing frontal systems can still bring quick bouts of strong wind. Winter is the wet season in The Dalles. Despite the [[rain shadow]] effect created by the Cascades, there is still enough precipitation most years to support relatively high soil moisture levels for most of the winter. This is a very similar pattern to what happens in classic Mediterranean climates β except that the temperatures are significantly colder. The area receives measurable snowfall virtually every year, but the snow totals fluctuate dramatically from one year to the next; some seasons see only one or two brief light snow events while others get major snowstorms and cumulative totals of {{convert|20|in|m|2}} or more. The most snowfall in a season has been {{convert|85.5|in|m|2}} between July 1949 and June 1950. Average winter temperatures are only about {{convert|3|to|5|F-change|C-change|1}} colder than in cities such as Portland and Seattle, and temperatures below {{convert|0|F|C|1|disp=or}} are very rare, but not unheard of β historically occurring on three mornings out of every five winters, but only once since February 1996. As in the summer, winter temperatures can vary tremendously from one day to the next. During arctic air events the daytime high temperatures will generally be well below {{convert|32|F|C|disp=or}}, while a strong subtropical push can raise temperatures into the 50s and low 60s F, even in January. It is quite common for relatively cold air to become trapped at low elevations due to an inversion above; depending on the temperature of the surface airmass, depth of the inversion layer, and temperatures above the inversion layer, this can result in snow, sleet, freezing rain or a very cold liquid rain. Springtime conditions generally run from late February through early June, during which time the overall trend gradually becomes warmer and drier and the landscape briefly turns lush and green. This is the windiest season of all, with a powerful west wind on most afternoons. During stormy periods in spring, conditions are usually cloudy and cool, while most sunny and calm days become intensely warm, especially from April onward. Springtime temperatures often vary more from one week to the next than they do from one month to the next. The growing season is roughly 200 days long in a typical year, generally running from early April through most of October. However, the spring frost dates can range from mid-March to early May, and the fall frost dates can range from late September to mid-November. A weather station is located at nearby [[Columbia Gorge Regional Airport]], also known as '''The Dalles Municipal Airport'''. {{Weather box | width = auto | collapsed = yes | single line = yes | location = [[Columbia Gorge Regional Airport]], Washington (1991β2020 normals, extremes 1948βpresent) | Jan record high F = 68 | Feb record high F = 70 | Mar record high F = 80 | Apr record high F = 95 | May record high F = 107 | Jun record high F = 118 | Jul record high F = 112 | Aug record high F = 110 | Sep record high F = 105 | Oct record high F = 90 | Nov record high F = 74 | Dec record high F = 70 | year record high F = 118 | Jan avg record high F = 57.8 | Feb avg record high F = 60.8 | Mar avg record high F = 71.2 | Apr avg record high F = 81.6 | May avg record high F = 91.8 | Jun avg record high F = 98.1 | Jul avg record high F = 104.0 | Aug avg record high F = 103.3 | Sep avg record high F = 95.9 | Oct avg record high F = 80.0 | Nov avg record high F = 66.2 | Dec avg record high F = 56.5 | year avg record high F = 105.5 | Jan high F = 42.1 | Feb high F = 48.4 | Mar high F = 56.7 | Apr high F = 64.2 | May high F = 73.5 | Jun high F = 79.1 | Jul high F = 88.4 | Aug high F = 87.9 | Sep high F = 80.4 | Oct high F = 65.5 | Nov high F = 50.2 | Dec high F = 41.4 | year high F = 64.8 | Jan mean F = 36.5 | Feb mean F = 40.2 | Mar mean F = 46.4 | Apr mean F = 53.0 | May mean F = 61.3 | Jun mean F = 67.1 | Jul mean F = 74.7 | Aug mean F = 74.1 | Sep mean F = 66.3 | Oct mean F = 54.0 | Nov mean F = 42.7 | Dec mean F = 36.2 | year mean F = 54.4 | Jan low F = 30.9 | Feb low F = 32.1 | Mar low F = 36.2 | Apr low F = 41.7 | May low F = 49.0 | Jun low F = 55.1 | Jul low F = 61.0 | Aug low F = 60.3 | Sep low F = 52.2 | Oct low F = 42.6 | Nov low F = 35.1 | Dec low F = 31.0 | year low F = 43.9 | Jan avg record low F = 17.1 | Feb avg record low F = 18.9 | Mar avg record low F = 24.7 | Apr avg record low F = 30.1 | May avg record low F = 36.3 | Jun avg record low F = 44.9 | Jul avg record low F = 50.7 | Aug avg record low F = 49.7 | Sep avg record low F = 40.4 | Oct avg record low F = 28.2 | Nov avg record low F = 21.6 | Dec avg record low F = 18.8 | year avg record low F = 11.0 |Jan record low F = β8 |Feb record low F = β4 |Mar record low F = 6 |Apr record low F = 23 |May record low F = 28 |Jun record low F = 37 |Jul record low F = 40 |Aug record low F = 42 |Sep record low F = 29 |Oct record low F = 15 |Nov record low F = β1 |Dec record low F = β5 |year record low F= | precipitation colour= | Jan precipitation inch = 2.38 | Feb precipitation inch = 1.58 | Mar precipitation inch = 1.18 | Apr precipitation inch = 0.83 | May precipitation inch = 0.76 | Jun precipitation inch = 0.48 | Jul precipitation inch = 0.16 | Aug precipitation inch = 0.16 | Sep precipitation inch = 0.33 | Oct precipitation inch = 1.14 | Nov precipitation inch = 1.97 | Dec precipitation inch = 2.68 | year precipitation inch = 13.65 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | Jan precipitation days = 14.1 | Feb precipitation days = 11.3 | Mar precipitation days = 10.8 | Apr precipitation days = 7.9 | May precipitation days = 6.4 | Jun precipitation days = 3.8 | Jul precipitation days = 1.5 | Aug precipitation days = 1.7 | Sep precipitation days = 2.7 | Oct precipitation days = 8.3 | Nov precipitation days = 13.1 | Dec precipitation days = 13.9 | year precipitation days = 95.5 |Jan snow inch = 1.9 |Feb snow inch = 0.8 |Mar snow inch = 0.5 |Apr snow inch = 0.0 |May snow inch = 0.0 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = trace |Nov snow inch = 0.5 |Dec snow inch = 1.3 |year snow inch = 4.8 | unit snow days = 0.1 in | Jan snow days = 3.7 | Feb snow days = 2.2 | Mar snow days = 0.5 | Apr snow days = 0.0 | May snow days = 0.0 | Jun snow days = 0.0 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.0 | Sep snow days = 0.0 | Oct snow days = 0.1 | Nov snow days = 1.4 | Dec snow days = 5.0 | year snow days = 15.8 | source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (snow 1981β2010)<ref name="NOWData">{{cite web |url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=pdt |title = NOWData β NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = April 18, 2024}}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web |url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00024219&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991β2020 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = April 18, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly&stations=USW00024219&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1981β2010 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = April 18, 2024}}</ref> }}
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