Editing Temple Newsam (section)

== Coal mining on the estate ==
Estate records show the existence of coal pits in and around the park in the seventeenth century and Bell Wood to the south of the house would have had bell pits for coal extraction. A colliery at Halton village was leased to a number of different individuals from 1660 through to at least the 1790s. The leases generally required the leaseholder to supply coals to Temple Newsam house.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gilleghan|first=John|title=Halton: The Story of an East Leeds Village|publisher=The Kingsway Press|year=2004|isbn=1412029457}}</ref>

In 1815, William Fenton, one of the 'Coal Kings' of Yorkshire,<ref>{{cite book|last=Goodchild|first=John|title=The Coal Kings of Yorkshire|publisher=Wakefield Historical Society|year=1978}}</ref> began the sinking of a mine shaft on the estate at [[Thorpe Stapleton]].  The colliery was named Waterloo to commemorate the [[Battle of Waterloo|famous battle]] of that year.<ref>{{cite book|last=Goodchild|first=John|title=The Coal Kings of Yorkshire|publisher=Wakefield Historical Society|year=1978|pages=55}}</ref> Waterloo Colliery was operated as a royalty concession with contracted 'rents' for coal extracted going to the Temple Newsam landowner. Fenton also had a village built for his workers on land between the [[River Aire]] and the [[Aire and Calder Navigation]]. The village was initially called ''Newmarket'' but then became ''Irwin Square'' on ordnance survey maps<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/102344959|title=OS Six Inch England and Wales: Yorkshire 218 National Library of Scotland|access-date=8 March 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029175043/https://maps.nls.uk/view/102344959|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''Ingram Place'' on census lists, but it was commonly simply known as Waterloo. The Yorkshire, Lancashire and England cricketer [[Albert Ward (cricketer, born 1865)|Albert Ward]] was born here in 1865.  The village had two rows of cottages and a school building. It was connected to the colliery by a wooden footbridge over the river.<ref>{{cite book|last=Goodchild|first=John|title=The Coal Kings of Yorkshire|publisher=Wakefield Historical Society|year=1978|pages=70–71}}</ref> Deep coal mining on the estate ended with the closure of the Temple Pit of Waterloo Main Colliery in 1968. [[File:Temple Newsam 02.jpg|thumb|right|Temple Newsam House]]Opencast mining on the estate began in May 1942. Seven sites were exploited to the south of the house almost entirely destroying Capability Brown's landscape. One site reached within {{convert|100|m|order=flip}} of the South Terrace. It continued at the Gamblethorpe site as far as Dawson's Wood, in full view of the house, until 1987.<ref>''Work and Play at Temple Newsam: Exhibition Guide'' Leeds City Council</ref> No trace of the opencast remains now as the parkland was re-landscaped.

In 2019 there was a temporary exhibition about coal mining at Temple Newsam which was called 'Blot on the Landscape'.<ref>{{cite web|title=Blot on the Landscape|url=https://museumsandgalleries.leeds.gov.uk/events/temple-newsam/blot-on-the-landscape/|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703182444/https://museumsandgalleries.leeds.gov.uk/events/temple-newsam/blot-on-the-landscape/|url-status=live}}</ref>