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=== The Troubles in Northern Ireland === {{Main|Improvised tactical vehicles of the Provisional IRA}} Throughout the [[The Troubles|conflict in Northern Ireland (1960s-1998)]], the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]] fitted vehicles, especially vans and trucks, with automatic weapons, heavy machine guns,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Harnden |first=Toby |title=Bandit Country: The IRA and South Armagh |publisher=Coronet books |year=2000 |isbn=0-7553-6391-4 |pages=358β60}}</ref> and [[Barrack buster|improvised mortars]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Geraghty |first=Tony |title=The Irish War: The Hidden Conflict Between the IRA and British Intelligence |publisher=JHU Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8018-6456-8 |pages=187β203}}</ref><ref name="Davies 14">{{Cite journal |last=Davies |first=Roger |date=May 2001 |title=Improvised mortar systems: an evolving political weapon |journal=Jane's Intelligence Review |pages=14}}</ref> Sometimes the vehicles were armored with welded plates and sandbags.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 26, 2019 |title=Derryard aftermath; the introduction of the rifle grenade into Northern Ireland |url=https://frontlineulster.co.uk/following-derryard-the-introduction-of-the-rifle-grenade-into-northern-ireland/ |access-date=October 9, 2021 |website=Frontline Ulster |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":92">{{Cite book |last=Harnden |first=Toby |title=Bandit Country: The IRA and South Armagh |publisher=Coronet books |year=2000 |isbn=0-7553-6391-4 |location= |pages=403}}</ref> The IRA employed tractors and trailers to transport and fire improvised mortars, and [[heavy equipment]] to tear down fences and barbed wire and break into fortified security bases.<ref name=":17">{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf6BAwAAQBAJ&q=digger+Declan+arthurs+family+farm&pg=PT261 |title=The Provos: The IRA and Sinn Fein |publisher=A&C Black |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4088-5494-5 |location= |pages= |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":92" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bomb explodes outside Northern Ireland army base |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/05/08/Bomb-explodes-outside-Northern-Ireland-army-base/8909705297600/ |access-date=October 9, 2021 |work=United Press International |language=en}}</ref> Improvised [[flamethrower]]s were usually modified [[manure spreader]]s pulled to their targets by tractor.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Harnden |first=Toby |title=Bandit Country: The IRA & South Armagh |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |year=2001 |isbn=0-340-71736-X |pages=123β24}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">''[[Fortnight Magazine]]'', No. 283, p. 20-21. Fortnight Publications, 1990.</ref>
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