Editing Taiwanese Hokkien (section)

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Initials
! colspan="2" |
![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo<br>-palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPAblink|m}} m ㄇ 
|{{IPAblink|n}} n ㄋ
|
|{{IPAblink|ŋ}} ng ㄫ
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
!<small>voiced</small>
|{{IPAblink|b}} b ㆠ
|{{efn-lr|[[allophone|Allophonically]] pronounced in some variations spoken in Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite book |author=洪惟仁 [Ang Ui-jin] |authorlink=Ang Ui-jin |title=台灣河佬話聲調研究 |trans-title=Taiwanese Hokkien Tone Research |year=1985 |location=[[Taipei]] |publisher=自立晚報 [[Independence Evening Post]] |page=9 |quote=(3) 柳母標爲 ⟨d⟩ 興董昭輝，藍淸漢同。這是實際審音的結果，台灣大多數地區柳母都讀塞音 [d]，低元音時可能會出現流音 [l]，可 以視爲 ⟨d⟩ 的無定分音。若爲從俗可以標爲 ⟨l⟩，但因爲這個 [d] 和古音學有重大關係，標爲 ⟨d⟩ 容易解釋一些語源學現象。(4) [b], [d], [g] 的音值等於 [m], [n], [ŋ] 減去鼻音部分，歷史上也是 [m], [n], [ŋ] 變來，所以塞音緊度只有英語 [b], [d], [g] 的一半，致使 [d] 的音値變得十分接近 [l]。}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=Carstairs |title=Chinese-English dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy |publisher=Presbyterian Church of England |year=1899 |location=London |pages=99 |url=https://archive.org/details/chineseenglishdict00doug/page/99/mode/1up?view=theater |language=English, Amoy Hokkien}}</ref>}}{{IPAblink|d}}'''~'''{{IPAblink|l}}'''~'''{{IPAblink|ɾ}} l ㄌ
|
|{{IPAblink|ɡ}} g ㆣ
|
|-
!<small>[[tenuis consonant|tenuis]]</small>
|{{IPAblink|p}} p ㄅ
|{{IPAblink|t}} t ㄉ
|
|{{IPAblink|k}} k ㄍ
|
|-
!<small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small>
|{{IPAblink|pʰ}} ph ㄆ
|{{IPAblink|tʰ}} th ㄊ
|
|{{IPAblink|kʰ}} kh ㄎ
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!<small>voiced</small>
|
|{{IPAblink|dz}} j ㆡ
|{{IPAblink|dʑ}} j(i) ㆢ
|
|
|-
!<small>tenuis</small>
|
|{{IPAblink|ts}} ch, ts ㄗ
|{{IPAblink|tɕ}} ch(i), ts(i) ㄐ
|
|
|-
!<small>aspirated</small>
|
|{{IPAblink|tsʰ}} chh, tsh ㄘ
|{{IPAblink|tɕʰ}} chh(i), tsh(i) ㄑ
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
|{{IPAblink|s}} s ㄙ
|{{IPAblink|ɕ}} si ㄒ
|
|{{IPAblink|h}} h ㄏ
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Liquid consonant|Liquid]]
|
|{{IPAblink|l}}'''~'''{{IPAblink|ɾ}}{{efn-lr|[[allophone|Allophonically]] pronounced in some variations spoken in Taiwan.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Van der Loon |first=Piet |year=1967 |title=The Manila Incunabula and Early Hokkien Studies, Part 2 |url=http://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1745sWSSKnQ.pdf |journal=Asia Major |series=New Series |volume=13 |page=113}}</ref>}} l ㄌ
|
|
|
|}
{{notelist-lr|refs=
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Finals
! !![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]!![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]!![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- align="center"
![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
|{{IPAblink|m}} -m||{{IPAblink|n}} -n||{{IPAblink|ŋ}} -ng||{{IPAblink|◌̃}} -ⁿ
|- align="center"
![[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
|{{IPAblink|p̚}} -p ㆴ||{{IPAblink|t̚}} -t ㆵ||{{IPAblink|k̚}} -k ㆻ||{{IPAblink|ʔ}} -h ㆷ
|}

Unlike many other varieties of Chinese such as Mandarin, [[Standard Cantonese|Cantonese]], [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]], etc., there are no native [[labiodental]] phonemes (i.e. {{IPAblink|f}}, {{IPAblink|v}}, {{IPAblink|ʋ}}, etc.).

# Coronal affricates and fricatives become [[Alveolo-palatal consonant|alveolo-palatal]] before {{IPA|/i/}}, that is, {{IPA|/dzi/}}, {{IPA|/tsi/}}, {{IPA|/tsʰi/}}, and {{IPA|/si/}} are pronounced {{IPA|[dʑi]}}, {{IPA|[tɕi]}}, {{IPA|[tɕʰi]}}, and {{IPA|[ɕi]}}.
# The consonant {{IPA|/dz/}} may be realized as a fricative; that is, as {{IPA|[z]}} in most environments and {{IPA|[ʑ]}} before {{IPA|/i/}}.
# The [[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]] plosives ({{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}}) become the corresponding fricatives ({{IPAblink|β}} and {{IPAblink|ɣ}}) in some phonetic contexts. This is similar to [[begadkefat]] in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and a similar [[Allophone|allophony]] of intervocalic [[plosive consonants]] and their fricatives in [[Spanish language|Spanish]].