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Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)
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=== I. Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso === The first movement is in [[sonata form]] without an [[Exposition (music)|exposition]] [[Repeat sign|repeat]]. It begins with [[open fifth]]s (A and E) played ''[[Dynamics (music)#Dynamic markings|pianissimo]]'' by [[tremolo]] strings. The opening, with its perfect fifth quietly emerging, resembles the sound of an orchestra [[Musical tuning|tuning up]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Young |first=John Bell |url=https://archive.org/details/beethovenssympho0000youn |title=Beethoven's Symphonies: A Guided Tour |publisher=Amadeus Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1574671698 |location=New York |oclc=180757068 |url-access=registration}}</ref> steadily building up until the first main theme in [[D minor]] at [[bar (music)|bar]] 17.<ref>{{harvnb|Cook|1993b|p=28}}</ref> {{block indent|<score sound="1"> \relative c''' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 88 \key d \minor \time 2/4 \set Score.currentBarNumber = #17 \partial 32 d32\ff^\markup "First theme" a4~ a8.. f32 d8.. a32 f8. a32( f) d4~ d16 f'-. e-. d-. a'8-. g-. e-. a-. d,8.\sf } </score>}} Before the development enters, the tremolous introduction returns. The development can be divided into four subdivisions, with adheres strictly to the order of themes. The first and second subdivisions are the development of bars 1β2 of the first theme (bars 17β18 of the first movement) .{{sfn|Schenker|1992|p=89}} The third subdivision develops bars 3β4 of the first theme (bars 19β20 of the first movement).{{sfn|Schenker|1992|p=93}} The fourth subdivision that follows develops bars 1β4 of the second theme (bars 80β83 of the first movement) for three times: first in A minor, then to F major twice.{{sfn|Schenker|1992|p=97}} At the outset of the [[Recapitulation (music)|recapitulation]] (which repeats the main melodic themes) in bar 301, the theme returns, this time played ''fortissimo'' and in D {{em|major}}, rather than D {{em|minor}}. The movement ends with a massive [[Coda (music)|coda]] that takes up nearly a quarter of the movement, as in Beethoven's [[Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)|Third]] and [[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)|Fifth Symphonies]].<ref>{{harvnb|Cook|1993b|p=30}}</ref> A performance of the first movement typically lasts about 15 minutes.
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