Editing Sulawesi (section)

===Cave art===
In October 2014, it was announced that [[cave paintings]] in Maros had been dated as being approximately 40,000 years old. One of a hand was 39,900 years old,<ref name=Hoffmann2018 /> which brings it among the oldest known [[hand stencil]]s in the world (the record is detained so far by a 64,000 years-old stencil hand made by a [[Neanderthal]] in [[Cave of Maltravieso|Maltravieso cave]], [[Cáceres, Spain|Cáceres]], Spain).<ref name=Hoffmann2018>
{{cite journal |author1=D. L. Hoffmann |author2=C. D. Standish |author3=M. García-Diez |author4=P. B. Pettitt |author5=J. A. Milton |author6=J. Zilhão |author7=J. J. Alcolea-González |author8=P. Cantalejo-Duarte |author9=H. Collado |author10=R. de Balbín |author11=M. Lorblanchet |author12=J. Ramos-Muñoz |author13=G.-Ch. Weniger |author14=A. W. G. Pike |year=2018 |title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art |journal=Science |volume=359 |issue=6378 |pages=912–915 |doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|doi-access=free |pmid=29472483 |bibcode=2018Sci...359..912H |hdl=10498/21578 |hdl-access=free }} 
"we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in [[Cave of Maltravieso|Maltravieso (Extremadura)]], and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucía). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship."</ref>
[[File:Hands in Pettakere Cave.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Hand stencils|Stencils]] of right hands in Pettakere Cave in Maros are among the oldest known examples of human artwork]]
Dr. Maxime Aubert, of [[Griffith University]] in [[Queensland]], [[Australia]], said that was the minimum age for the outline in Pettakere Cave in [[Maros]], and added: "Next to it is a pig that has a minimum age of 35,400 years old, and this is one of the oldest figurative depictions in the world, if not the oldest one."<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29415716 |title= Painted caves challenge art origins| publisher=[[BBC News]] | date=2014-10-08| last1=Ghosh| first1=Pallab}}</ref>

On 11 December 2019, a team of researchers led by Dr. Maxime Aubert announced the discovery of the oldest hunting scenes in prehistoric art in the world that is more than 44,000 years old from the [[Solutional cave|limestone cave]] of Leang Bulu' Sipong 4. Archaeologists determined the age of the depiction of hunting a pig and buffalo thanks to the calcite 'popcorn', different isotope levels of radioactive [[uranium]] and [[thorium]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1806-y | title=Earliest hunting scene in prehistoric art| journal=Nature| date=2019-12-11| last1=Ghosh| first1=Pallab}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50754303|title=Animal painting found in cave is 44,000 years old|date=2019-12-12 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2020-04-23|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2019/12/11/oldest-story-ever-told-is-painted-this-cave-wall-archaeologists-report/|title=The oldest story ever told is painted on this cave wall, archaeologists report |first1=Ben |last1=Guarino |newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref>

In March 2020, two small stone '[[plaquette]]s' were found by [[Griffith University]] archaeologists in the Leang Bulu Bettue cave, dated to a time between 26,000 and 14,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Langley|first1=Michelle C.|last2=Hakim|first2=Budianto|last3=Oktaviana|first3=Adhi Agus|last4=Basran|first4=Burhan|last5=Sumantri|first5=Iwan|last6=Sulistyarto|first6=Priyatno Hadi|last7=Lebe|first7=Rustan|last8=McGahan|first8=David|author9-link=Adam Brumm|last9=Brumm|first9=Adam|s2cid=212732696|title=Portable art from Pleistocene Sulawesi|journal=Nature Human Behaviour |year=2020|volume=4|issue=6|pages=597–602|doi=10.1038/s41562-020-0837-6|pmid=32203323}}</ref> While one of the stones contained an [[anoa]] (water buffalo) and what may be a flower, star, or eye, another depicted astronomic rays of light.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wu|first=Katherine J.|title=Portable, Pocket-Sized Rock Art Discovered in Ice Age Indonesian Cave|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/portable-pocket-sized-rock-art-discovered-ice-age-indonesian-cave-180974462/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rosengreen|first=Carley|title=Portable rock art 'social glue' for early humans in Ice Age|url=https://news.griffith.edu.au/2020/03/17/portable-rock-art-social-glue-for-early-humans-in-ice-age/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=news.griffith.edu.au|date=16 March 2020 |language=en-EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-26|title=Two 20,000-Year-Old Artworks From Indonesia Prove That Europe Wasn't the Only Place Art Was Being Made During the Last Ice Age|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/prehistoric-art-indonesia-1816671|access-date=2020-08-31|website=artnet News|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:Leang Tedongnge rock art panel credit AA Oktaviana-01.jpg|thumb|Researchers discovered cave art in Leang Tedongnge, Sulawesi, Indonesia, in 2021, estimated to be at least 45,500 years old, making it the world’s oldest known representational artwork.]]
In January 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of cave art that is at least 45,500 years old in a Leang Tedongnge cave. According to the [[Science Advances|journal ''Science Advances'']], the cave painting of a warty pig is the earliest evidence of human settlement of the region. An adult male pig, measuring 136&nbsp;cm x 54&nbsp;cm and what is likely a Sulawesi or [[Celebes warty pig]] (Sus celebensis), was depicted with horn-like facial warts and two hand prints above its hindquarters.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Geggel |first1=Laura |title=Warty pig is oldest animal cave art on record |url=https://www.livescience.com/pig-oldest-cave-animal-drawing.html |access-date=25 February 2021 |publisher=Live Science |date=13 January 2021}}</ref> According to co-author Adam Brumm, there are two other pigs that are partly preserved and it appears the warty pig was observing a fight between the two other pigs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brumm|first1=Adam|last2=Oktaviana|first2=Adhi Agus|last3=Burhan|first3=Basran|last4=Hakim|first4=Budianto|last5=Lebe|first5=Rustan|last6=Zhao|first6=Jian-xin|last7=Sulistyarto|first7=Priyatno Hadi|last8=Ririmasse|first8=Marlon|last9=Adhityatama|first9=Shinatria|last10=Sumantri|first10=Iwan|last11=Aubert|first11=Maxime|date=2021-01-01|title=Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi|journal=Science Advances|language=en|volume=7|issue=3|pages=eabd4648|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abd4648|pmid=33523879|pmc=7806210|bibcode=2021SciA....7.4648B|issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2021-01-13|title=World's oldest known cave painting found in Indonesia|url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jan/13/worlds-oldest-known-cave-painting-found-in-indonesia|access-date=2021-01-21|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sawal|first=Ibrahim|title=World's oldest painting of animals discovered in an Indonesian cave|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2264793-worlds-oldest-painting-of-animals-discovered-in-an-indonesian-cave/|access-date=2021-01-21|website=New Scientist|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-01-14|title=Indonesia: Archaeologists find world's oldest animal cave painting|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55657257|access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>