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===Migration and movements=== [[File:Abdim's Stork (Ciconia abdimii) (7011390701).jpg|thumb|Abdim's storks are regular intra-African migrants]] Storks vary in their tendency towards migration. Temperate species like the white stork, black stork and Oriental stork undertake long annual migrations in the winter. The routes taken by these species have developed to avoid long distance travel across water, and from Europe this usually means flying across the Straits of Gibraltar or east across the Bosphorus and through Israel and the Sinai.<ref name="HBW" /> Studies of young birds denied the chance to travel with others of their species have shown that these routes are at least partially learnt, rather than being innate as they are in [[passerine]] migrants.<ref name="migration">{{cite journal|last1=Chernetsov|first1=N.|last2=Berthold|first2=P.|last3=Querner|first3=U.|title=Migratory orientation of first-year white storks (Ciconia ciconia): inherited information and social interactions|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology|date=22 February 2004|volume=207|issue=6|pages=937β943|doi=10.1242/jeb.00853|doi-access=free|pmid=14766952}}</ref> Migrating black storks are split between those that make stopovers on the migration between Europe and their wintering grounds in Africa, and those that do not.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chevallier|first1=D.|last2=Le Maho|first2=Y.|last3=Brossault|first3=P.|last4=Baillon|first4=F.|last5=Massemin|first5=S.|title=The use of stopover sites by Black Storks (Ciconia nigra) migrating between West Europe and West Africa as revealed by satellite telemetry|journal=Journal of Ornithology|date=5 June 2010|volume=152|issue=1|pages=1β13|doi=10.1007/s10336-010-0536-6|s2cid=21513063}}</ref> The Abdim's stork is another migrant, albeit one that migrates within the tropics. It breeds in northern Africa, from Senegal to the Red Sea, during the wet season, and then migrates to Southern Africa.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Adjakpa|first1=Jacques Boco|title=The breeding biology of Abdim's Stork in the far north of Benin|journal=Ostrich|date=January 2000|volume=71|issue=1β2|pages=61β63|doi=10.1080/00306525.2000.9639869|s2cid=84995962}}</ref> Many species that are not regular migrants will still make smaller movements if circumstances require it; others may migrate over part of their range. This can also include regular commutes from nesting sites to feeding areas. Wood storks have been observed feeding {{convert|130|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} from their breeding colony.<ref name="HBW" />
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