Editing Stephen Báthory (section)

==Remembrance==
Báthory actively promoted his legend, sponsoring many works about his life and achievements, from historical treatises to poetry.<ref name=psb124/> In his lifetime, he was featured in the works of [[Jan Kochanowski]], [[Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński]] and many others.<ref name=psb124/> He became a recurring character in Polish poetry and literature and featured as a central figure in poems, novels and drama by [[Jakub Jasiński]], [[Józef Ignacy Kraszewski]], [[Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz]], [[Henryk Rzewuski]] and others.<ref name=psb126/> He has been a subject of numerous paintings, both during his life and posthumously. Among the painters who took him as a subject were [[Jan Matejko]] and [[Stanisław Wyspiański]].<ref name=psb126/><ref name="psb127"/>

A statue of Báthory by [[Giovanni Ferrari (sculptor)|Giovanni Ferrari]] was raised in 1789 in [[Padua]], Italy, sponsored by the last king of the Commonwealth, [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]].<ref name=psb127/> Other monuments to him include one in the [[Łazienki Palace]] (1795 by [[André-Jean Lebrun|André Lebrun]]) and one in [[Sniatyn]] (1904, destroyed in 1939).<ref name=psb127/> He was a patron of the [[Vilnius University]] (then known as the Stefan Batory University) and several units in the [[Polish Army]] from 1919 to 1939.<ref name=psb127/> His name was borne by two 20th-century passenger ships of the [[Polish Merchant Navy]], the [[MS Batory]] and [[TSS Stefan Batory]].<ref name=psb127/> In modern Poland, he is the namesake of the [[Batory Steelmill]], a nongovernmental [[Stefan Batory Foundation]], the [[Polish 9th Armored Cavalry Brigade]], and numerous Polish streets and schools.<ref name=psb127/> [[Chorzów Batory|One of the districts]] of the town of [[Chorzów]] is named after him.<ref name=psb127/>
[[File:Stephen Báthory at Pskov by Jan Matejko (1872).png|thumb|''Báthory at [[Pskov]]'', by Jan Matejko]]
Immediately after his death, he was not fondly remembered in the Commonwealth. Many nobles took his behavior in the Zborowski affair and his domestic policies as indicating an interest in curtailing the nobility's [[Golden Freedoms]] and establishing an [[absolute monarchy]].<ref name=psb125/> His contemporaries were also rankled by his favoritism toward Hungarians over nationals of the Commonwealth.<ref name=psb123/> He was also remembered, more trivially, for his Hungarian-style cap and saber ([[szabla]] ''batorówka'').<ref name="psb126"/>

His later resurgence in Polish memory and historiography can be traced to the 19th-century era of [[partitions of Poland]] when the Polish state lost its independence.<ref name=psb126/> He was remembered for his military triumphs and praised as an effective ruler by many, including [[John Baptist Albertrandi]], [[Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie]], [[Michał Bobrzyński]], [[Józef Szujski]] and others.<ref name=psb126/> Though some historians like [[Tadeusz Korzon]], [[Joachim Lelewel]] and [[Jędrzej Moraczewski]] remained more reserved, in 1887, [[Wincenty Zakrzewski]] noted that Báthory is "the darling of both the Polish public opinion and Polish historians".<ref name=psb126/> During the interwar period in the [[Second Polish Republic]] he was a cult figure, often compared - with the government's approval - to the contemporary dictator of Poland, [[Józef Piłsudski]].<ref name=psb126/> After the [[Second World War]], in the communist [[People's Republic of Poland]], he became more of a controversial figure, with historians more ready to question his internal politics and attachment to Hungary.<ref name=psb126/> Nonetheless, his good image remained intact, reinforced by the positive views of a popular Polish historian of that period, [[Paweł Jasienica]].<ref name=psb126/>