Editing Steamship (section)

==Era of the ocean liner==
[[File:William Lionel Wyllie - The Oceanic (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[RMS Oceanic (1870)|RMS ''Oceanic'']], an important turning point in [[ocean liner]] design]]
By 1870 a number of inventions such as the [[screw propeller]], the [[compound engine]],<ref>{{Citation |first= Charles |last= Dawson |title= S.S. Thetis, a Daring Experiment |journal= The Mariner's Mirror |volume= 85 | date=November 1999 |number= 4 |pages= 458–62 |doi=10.1080/00253359.1999.10656768}}.</ref> and the [[triple-expansion engine]] made trans-oceanic shipping on a large scale economically viable. In 1870 the [[White Star Line]]’s {{RMS|Oceanic|1870|6}} set a new standard for ocean travel by having its first-class cabins amidships, with the added amenity of large portholes, electricity and running water.<ref name="LINER6">{{cite web|publisher=The Red Duster|url=http://www.red-duster.co.uk/WSTAR.htm|title=THE WHITE STAR LINE|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819033343/http://www.red-duster.co.uk/WSTAR.htm|archive-date=2010-08-19}}</ref> The size of ocean liners increased from 1880 to meet the needs of the [[human migration]] to the United States and Australia.

{{RMS|Umbria}}<ref name="LINER7">{{cite web|publisher=Chris' Cunard Page|url=http://www.chriscunard.com/umbria.php|title=Umbria|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406055906/http://chriscunard.com/umbria.php|archive-date=2010-04-06}}</ref> and her sister ship {{RMS|Etruria}} were the last two Cunard liners of the period to be fitted with auxiliary sails. Both ships were built by [[John Elder & Co.]] of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1884. They were record breakers by the standards of the time, and were the largest liners then in service, plying the Liverpool to New York route.