Editing Staphylococcus aureus (section)

=== Skin infections ===
[[List of cutaneous conditions#Bacterium-related|Skin infections]] are the most common form of ''S. aureus'' infection. This can manifest in various ways, including small benign [[boil]]s, [[folliculitis]], [[impetigo]], [[cellulitis]], and more severe, invasive soft-tissue infections.<ref name=medlineplus/><ref name=Tong2015/>

''Staphylococcus aureus'' is extremely prevalent in persons with [[atopic dermatitis]] (AD), more commonly known as eczema.<ref name="Monnot">{{cite journal | vauthors = Monnot GC, Wegrecki M, Cheng TY, Chen YL, Sallee BN, Chakravarthy R, Karantza IM, Tin SY, Khaleel AE, Monga I, Uwakwe LN, Tillman A, Cheng B, Youssef S, Ng SW, Shahine A, Garcia-Vilas JA, Uhlemann AC, Bordone LA, Han A, Rohde CH, Ogg G, Moody DB, Rossjohn J, de Jong A| title = Staphylococcal phosphatidylglycerol antigens activate human T cells via CD1a | journal = Nature Immunology | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 110–122 | date = January 2023 | pmid = 35265979 | doi = 10.1038/s41590-022-01375-z| s2cid = 255039948 | pmc = 10389259 }}</ref> It is mostly found in fertile, active places, including the armpits, hair, and scalp. Large pimples that appear in those areas may exacerbate the infection if lacerated. Colonization of ''S. aureus'' drives inflammation of AD.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kobayashi T, Glatz M, Horiuchi K, Kawasaki H, Akiyama H, Kaplan DH, Kong HH, Amagai M, Nagao K |date=April 2015 |title=Dysbiosis and ''Staphylococcus aureus'' Colonization Drives Inflammation in Atopic Dermatitis |journal=Immunity |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=756–766 |doi=10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.014 |pmc=4407815 |pmid=25902485}}</ref><ref name="Monnot" /> ''S. aureus'' is believed to exploit defects in the skin barrier of persons with atopic dermatitis, triggering [[cytokine]] expression and therefore exacerbating symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Nakatsuji T, Chen TH, Two AM, Chun KA, Narala S, Geha RS, Hata TR, Gallo RL |date=November 2016 |title=''Staphylococcus aureus'' Exploits Epidermal Barrier Defects in Atopic Dermatitis to Trigger Cytokine Expression |journal=The Journal of Investigative Dermatology |volume=136 |issue=11 |pages=2192–2200 |doi=10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.127 |pmc=5103312 |pmid=27381887}}</ref> This can lead to [[staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]], a severe form of which can be seen in [[newborns]].<ref name="Pediatrics1980-Curran">{{cite journal | vauthors = Curran JP, Al-Salihi FL | title = Neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: massive outbreak due to an unusual phage type | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 66 | issue = 2 | pages = 285–290 | date = August 1980 | pmid = 6447271 | doi = 10.1542/peds.66.2.285 | s2cid = 21783186 }}</ref>

The role of ''S. aureus'' in causing [[itching]] in atopic dermatitis has been studied.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gallo |first1=Richard L. |last2=Horswill |first2=Alexander R. |date=May 2024 |title=Staphylococcus aureus: The Bug Behind the Itch in Atopic Dermatitis |journal=[[Journal of Investigative Dermatology]] |volume=144 |issue=5 |pages=950–953 |doi=10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.001|pmid=38430083 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Antibiotics are commonly used to target overgrowth of ''S. aureus'' but their benefit is limited and they increase the risk of [[antimicrobial resistance]]. For these reasons, they are only recommended for people who not only present symptoms on the skin but feel systematically unwell.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = George SM, Karanovic S, Harrison DA, Rani A, Birnie AJ, Bath-Hextall FJ, Ravenscroft JC, Williams HC | title = Interventions to reduce ''Staphylococcus aureus'' in the management of eczema | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2019 | issue = 10 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 31684694 | pmc = 6818407 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003871.pub3 }}</ref><ref name=":182">{{Cite report |url=https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/collection/eczema-in-children-uncertainties-addressed/ |title=Eczema in children: uncertainties addressed |date=2024-03-19 |publisher=NIHR Evidence |doi=10.3310/nihrevidence_62438 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-02 |title=Secondary bacterial infection of eczema and other common skin conditions: antimicrobial prescribing. NICE guideline [NG190] |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng190/chapter/Recommendations |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=National Institute for Health and Care Excellence}}</ref>