Editing Springfield, Illinois (section)

===20th century===
[[File:Springfield 5th and Adams.jpg|thumb|Intersection of 5th and Adams {{circa|1905}}]]

====Utopia====
Local poet [[Vachel Lindsay]]'s notions of utopia were expressed in his only novel, ''The Golden Book of Springfield'' (1920), which draws on ideas of [[Social anarchism|anarchistic socialism]] in projecting the progress of Lindsay's hometown toward utopia.<ref>Ron Sakolsky, "Utopia at Your Doorstep: Vachel Lindsay's Golden Book of Springfield." ''Utopian Studies'' 2001 12(2): 53–64. {{ISSN|1045-991X}} Fulltext: [[EBSCO Information Services|Ebsco]]</ref>

The [[Dana–Thomas House]] is a [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] design built in 1902–03. Wright began work on the house in 1902. Commissioned by Susan Lawrence Dana, a local patron of the arts and public benefactor, Wright designed a house to harmonize with the owner's devotion to the performance of music. Coordinating art glass designs for 250&nbsp;windows, doors, and panels as well as over 200 light fixtures, Wright enlisted Oak Park artisans. The house is a radical departure from [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] architectural traditions. Covering {{convert|12000|sqft|m2}}, the house contained vaulted ceilings and 16 major spaces. As the nation was changing, so Wright intended this structure to reflect the changes. Creating an organic and natural atmosphere, Wright saw himself as an "architect of democracy" and intended his work to be a monument to America's social landscape.<ref name="Hallmark"/>

It is the only historic site later acquired by the state exclusively because of its architectural merit. The structure was opened to the public as a museum house in September 1990; tours are available, 9:00&nbsp;a.m.–4:00&nbsp;p.m. Wednesdays through Sundays.<ref name="Hallmark">Donald P. Hallmark, "Frank Lloyd Wright's Dana–Thomas House: Its History, Acquisition, and Preservation", ''Illinois Historical Journal'' 1989 82(2): 113–126. {{ISSN|0748-8149 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dana-thomas.org/ |title=Welcome to the Dana–Thomas House |publisher=Dana-thomas.org |date=August 23, 1983 |access-date=March 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222191328/http://www.dana-thomas.org/ |archive-date=February 22, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Alexander O. Boulton, "Pride of the Prairie", ''American Heritage'' 1991 42(4): 62–69. {{ISSN|0002-8738}} Fulltext: [[EBSCO Information Services|Ebsco]]</ref>

====1908 race riot====
{{main|Springfield race riot of 1908}}
Sparked by the alleged rape of a white woman by a black man and the murder of a white engineer, supposedly also by a black man, in Springfield, and reportedly angered by the high degree of corruption in the city, rioting broke out on August 14, 1908, and continued for three days in a period of violence known as the [[Springfield race riot of 1908|Springfield race riot]]. Gangs of white youth and blue-collar workers attacked the predominantly black areas of the city known as the Levee district, where most black businesses were located, and the Badlands, where many black residences stood. At least sixteen people died as a result of the riot: nine black residents, and seven white residents who were associated with the mob, five of whom were killed by state militia and two committed suicide. The riot ended when the governor sent in more than 3,700 militiamen to patrol the city, but isolated incidents of white violence against blacks continued in Springfield into September.<ref>Chicago Commission on Race Relations (1919); Crouthamel (1960); Senechal (1990)</ref>