Editing Sports injury (section)

== Risk factors ==
Recent changes to load management for athletes and fear of overtraining led to a groundbreaking study by the International Olympic Committee in 2016, in which the committee hoped to identify risk factors predisposing athletes to overuse and risk of injury.<ref name=":3" /> The study performed a systematic review with an inclusion of 106 prior studies on load and injury risk. A major takeaway from the study was the analysis of how external versus internal factors predispose to injury and how these factors can be managed to avoid injury.  Intrinsic or personal factors that could put an athlete at higher risk for injury could be gender. For example, female athletes are typically more prone to injuries such as ACL tears. There is approximately a 1.6-fold greater rate of ACL tears per athletic exposure in high school female athletes than in males of the same age range.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gornitzky|first=Alex|date=October 2016|title=Sport-Specific Yearly Risk and Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in High School Athletes.|journal=American Journal of Sports Medicine|volume=44|issue=10|pages=2716–2723|via=EBSCO|doi=10.1177/0363546515617742|pmid=26657853|s2cid=23050724}}</ref> Other intrinsic factors are age, weight, body composition, height,<ref name=":63">{{cite journal |last1=Rössler |first1=R. |last2=Junge |first2=A. |last3=Chomiak |first3=J. |last4=Němec |first4=K. |last5=Dvorak |first5=J. |last6=Lichtenstein |first6=E. |last7=Faude |first7=O. |date=10 October 2017 |title=Risk factors for football injuries in young players aged 7 to 12 years |journal=Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=1176–82 |doi=10.1111/sms.12981 |pmid=28922490 |s2cid=3502469}}</ref> lack of flexibility or range of motion, coordination, balance, and endurance. In addition, biological factors such as [[Flat feet|pes planus]], [[pes cavus]], and [[Valgus deformity|valgus]] or [[Varus deformity|varus]] knees can cause an athlete to have improper biomechanics and become predisposed to injury.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Read|first1=Paul J.|last2=Oliver|first2=Jon L.|last3=De Ste Croix|first3=Mark B. A.|last4=Myer|first4=Gregory D.|last5=Lloyd|first5=Rhodri S.|date=2016-08-26|title=Neuromuscular Risk Factors for Knee and Ankle Ligament Injuries in Male Youth Soccer Players|journal=Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)|volume=46|issue=8|pages=1059–1066|doi=10.1007/s40279-016-0479-z|issn=0112-1642|pmc=5501175|pmid=26856339}}</ref> There are also psychological factors that are included in intrinsic risk factors. Some psychological factors that could make certain individuals more subject to injury include personal stressors in their homes, school, or social life. There are also extrinsic risk factors that can affect an athlete's risk of injury. Some examples of extrinsic factors would be sport-specific protective equipment such as helmets, shoulder pads, mouth guards, and shin guards, and whether or not these pieces of equipment are fitted correctly to the individual athlete to ensure that they are each preventing injury as well as possible. Other extrinsic factors are the conditions of the sports setting such as rain, snow, and maintenance of the floor/field of playing surface.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Victor|last2=Mayer|first2=Frank|last3=Bonaventura|first3=Klaus|last4=Wippert|first4=Maria|date=2017-02-01|title=Intrinsic and Extrinsic Injury Risk Factors of Elite Winter Sports Athlete in Training|url=https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/4/406.1|journal=Br J Sports Med|language=en|volume=51|issue=4|pages=406|doi=10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.309|s2cid=80078000|issn=0306-3674|url-access=subscription}}</ref>