Editing Special economic zone (section)

=== Poland – East-Europe develop country  ===

In [[Poland]], Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were established to attract foreign investment and promote economic development. The primary goal of creating SEZs in Poland was to reduce [[structural unemployment]] and boost the economy in the poorest regions of the country. The main fiscal instruments used to attract FDI include tax breaks on corporate, personal income, and real estate taxes. These tax incentives can be applied for a period of 10 to 15 years. The Polish government created 14 SEZs, with the first becoming operational in 1995. Its creation resulted in the establishment of 55,000 new jobs and a significant increase in FDI, particularly in the automotive sector, as it attracted major industry players like [[General Motors]]. These zones are characterized by several attractive features, including high-quality infrastructure, a skilled [[workforce]], and various tax incentives such as tax exemptions on profits and property within specified limits.<ref>{{cite journal |publisher=ESPON |title=Policy brief: European special economic zones. |date=2020 |url=https://archive.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/Policy%20Brief%20SEZ%20corr%2003-12.pdf}}</ref>

As of the end of 2014, the SEZs employed approximately 250,000 workers, demonstrating a significant increase from previous years. The cumulative investment in these zones was estimated at $23.3 billion by 2012. The Polish SEZs are regarded as some of the most competitive in [[Central Europe]], with consistent interest from investors, averaging around 100 new permits issued per year. This ongoing demand led the Polish government to extend the favorable regime associated with these zones for an additional six years. Each SEZ is managed by specific entities or agencies dedicated to their development (Structure and Management). Originally, the zones were set up for a period of twenty years, but this has since been extended to 2026. The Polish government has recognized the importance of these zones in maintaining a competitive edge in attracting investment.

The success of the Polish SEZs can be attributed to their strategic design and the incentives offered, which facilitate the establishment and operation of businesses, thereby contributing to regional economic growth and enhancing the overall investment climate in Poland.<ref name="academia.edu">{{cite journal |last1=Berlinguer |first1=Aldo |last2=Laera |first2=Roberto |last3=Vito Boccia |first3=Antonio |title=Special economic areas, best practices for attracting investment and flexible forms of employment. Economic impact in Albania |journal=Economic Impact in Albania |page=1 |url=https://www.academia.edu/37932151}}</ref>

SEZs in Poland are attractive to investors due to several factors:

* Quality Infrastructure: The zones are equipped with modern infrastructure that supports various industries, making them suitable locations for manufacturing and high-tech services.
* Skilled Workforce: There is a concentration of qualified workers in these areas, which is essential for businesses looking for specific expertise.
* Tax Incentives: Investors can benefit from significant tax exemptions, including exemptions on profits and property taxes within a certain limit. This financial incentive is a key factor in attracting both local and foreign companies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lille |first1=Lydia Coudroy de |title=Les zones économiques spéciales en Pologne : un tremplin pour l'emploi régional ou des miettes de la mondialisation ? |journal=Annales de géographie |date=2007 |volume=658 |issue=6 |pages=645–666 |doi=10.3917/ag.658.0645 |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-annales-de-geographie-2007-6-page-645?lang=fr |language=fr |issn=0003-4010}}</ref>