Editing Solubility equilibrium (section)

=== Phase effect ===
Equilibria are defined for specific crystal [[Phase (matter)|phases]]. Therefore, the solubility product is expected to be different depending on the phase of the solid. For example, [[aragonite]] and [[calcite]] will have different solubility products even though they have both the same chemical identity ([[calcium carbonate]]). Under any given conditions one phase will be thermodynamically more stable than the other; therefore, this phase will form when thermodynamic equilibrium is established. However, kinetic factors may favor the formation the unfavorable precipitate (e.g. aragonite), which is then said to be in a [[metastable]] state.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

In pharmacology, the metastable state is sometimes referred to as amorphous state. Amorphous drugs have higher solubility than their crystalline counterparts due to the absence of long-distance interactions inherent in crystal lattice. Thus, it takes less energy to solvate the molecules in amorphous phase. [[In vivo supersaturation|The effect]] of amorphous phase on solubility is widely used to make drugs more soluble.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hsieh|first1=Yi-Ling|last2=Ilevbare|first2=Grace A.|last3=Van Eerdenbrugh|first3=Bernard|last4=Box|first4=Karl J.|last5=Sanchez-Felix|first5=Manuel Vincente|last6=Taylor|first6=Lynne S.| date=2012-05-12|title=pH-Induced Precipitation Behavior of Weakly Basic Compounds: Determination of Extent and Duration of Supersaturation Using Potentiometric Titration and Correlation to Solid State Properties|journal=Pharmaceutical Research|language=en|volume=29|issue=10|pages=2738–2753|doi=10.1007/s11095-012-0759-8|pmid=22580905|s2cid=15502736|issn=0724-8741}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dengale|first1=Swapnil Jayant| last2=Grohganz|first2=Holger| last3=Rades|first3=Thomas| last4=Löbmann|first4=Korbinian| date=May 2016|title=Recent advances in co-amorphous drug formulations|journal=Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews|volume=100|pages=116–125|doi=10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.009|pmid=26805787|issn=0169-409X}}</ref>