Editing Smiling Buddha (section)

=== International reaction ===
{{Main|Nuclear Suppliers Group}}
While India continued to state that the test was for peaceful purposes, it encountered opposition from many quarters. In reaction to the tests, the [[Nuclear Suppliers Group]] (NSG) was established to check international nuclear proliferation.<ref name="NSG"/> The NSG decided in 1992 to require full-scope [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]] safeguards for any new nuclear export deals, which effectively ruled out nuclear exports to India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)|url=http://www.nti.org/e_research/official_docs/inventory/pdfs/nsg.pdf|publisher=Nuclear Threat Initiative|access-date=4 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030503120417/http://nti.org/e_research/official_docs/inventory/pdfs/nsg.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2003|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was only waived as part of the [[Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nuclear Deal: A chronology of key developments|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nuclear-deal-a-chronology-of-key-developmen/368607/|access-date=5 September 2011|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=2 October 2008|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328215820/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/nuclear-deal-a-chronology-of-key-developmen/368607|url-status=live}}</ref>

The plutonium used in the test had been enriched in the reactor supplied by Canada, using [[heavy water]] (used as [[neutron moderator]]) supplied by the United States. Both the countries reacted negatively, especially in light of then ongoing negotiations on the [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]] and the economic aid both countries had provided to India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ripples in the nuclear pond|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=x6ZSAAAAIBAJ&pg=7191%2C5606996|access-date=5 September 2011|newspaper=The Deseret News|date=22 May 1974|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308235856/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=x6ZSAAAAIBAJ&pg=7191%2C5606996|url-status=live}}</ref> Canada concluded that the test violated a 1971 understanding between the two states, and froze nuclear energy assistance for the two heavy water reactors then under construction. However, the United States concluded that the test did not violate any agreement and proceeded with a June 1974 shipment of enriched uranium for the [[Tarapur Atomic Power Station|Tarapur reactor]]. New Zealand's Prime Minister [[Norman Kirk]] commented that, "The announcement of an underground nuclear explosion by India raises more urgently than ever the need for international agreement to end all nuclear testing."<ref name="New Zealand Ministry">{{cite book|title=New Zealand Foreign Affairs Review|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|volume=24|year=1974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UVIgAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA35|page=35|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402060248/https://books.google.com/books?id=UVIgAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA35|url-status=live}}</ref>

Pakistan did not view the test as a peaceful nuclear explosion, and cancelled scheduled talks with India. In June 1974, [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] said that Pakistan considered this as an intimidation and would not accept India's superiority in the [[Indian subcontinent|subcontinent]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) and Pakistan Television (PTV)|title=Prime minister Secretariat Press Release|quote=India's so-called Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (PNE) is tested and designed to intimidate and establish "Indian hegemony in the subcontinent", most particularly Pakistan...|first=Zulfikar Ali|last=Bhutto|date=18 May 1974|url=http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Pakistan/Nuclear/chronology_1974.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918040826/http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Pakistan/Nuclear/chronology_1974.html|archive-date=18 September 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2011, Pakistani [[Nuclear physics|nuclear physicist]] [[Pervez Hoodbhoy]] stated that he believed the test pressed Pakistan into developing nuclear weapons of its own.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hoodbhoy|first=Pervez Amerali|author-link=Pervaiz Hoodbhoy|title=Pakistan's nuclear bayonet|work=[[The Herald (Pakistan)|The Herald]]|date=23 January 2011|url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/16/herald-exclusive-pakistans-nuclear-bayonet.html|access-date=9 September 2011|archive-date=18 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218212415/http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/16/herald-exclusive-pakistans-nuclear-bayonet.html|url-status=live}}</ref>