Editing Smallpox vaccine (section)

==== LC16m8 ====
LC16m8 is a replicating attenuated strain of ''vaccinia'' that is manufactured by Kaketsuken in Japan. Working at the Chiba Serum Institute in Japan, So Hashizume passaged the Lister strain 45 times in primary rabbit kidney cells, interrupting the process after passages 36, 42, and 45 to grow clones on [[chorioallantoic membrane]] and select for pock size. The resulting variant was designated LC16m8 (Lister clone 16, medium pocks, clone 8). Unlike the severely-damaged MVA, LC16m8 contains every gene that is present in the ancestral ''vaccinia''. However, a single-nucleotide deletion truncates membrane protein B5R from a residue length of 317 to 92. Although the truncated protein decreases production of extracellular enveloped virus, animal models have shown that antibodies against other membrane proteins are sufficient for immunity. LC16m8 was approved in Japan in 1975 after testing in over 50,000 children. Vaccination with LC16m8 results in a vaccine "take", but safety is similar to MVA.<ref name="kenner2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kenner J, Cameron F, Empig C, Jobes DV, Gurwith M | title = LC16m8: an attenuated smallpox vaccine | journal = Vaccine | volume = 24 | issue = 47–48 | pages = 7009–7022 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 17052815 | pmc = 7115618 | doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.087 }}</ref>