Editing Singapore English (section)

=== Rhoticity ===
{{See also|Rhoticity in English}}

Singapore English is predominantly non-rhotic, like [[Australian English|Australian]] and [[Nigerian English|Nigerian]] accents, so most speakers will leave out the ''r'' sound in words like ''far''.<ref name="non-rhotic" /> Semi-rhotic accents are, however, quite commonly heard on radio, where some presenters have adopted more [[North American English|North American]]-like accents.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Peter Iori|last=Kobayashi|title=American English Phonological Features on Singapore Radio|journal=NUIS Journal of International Studies|year=2020|volume=5|pages=15–26}}</ref> Studies suggest that final ''r'' sounds are more likely to be realised by younger speakers and women among Chinese and Indian Singaporeans, and that this tendency is more common in [[content word]]s than in [[function word]]s, and in reading than in conversation.<ref name="rvariation">{{cite thesis |last=Kwek |first=G. S. C. |date=2018 |title=An analysis of /r/ variation in Singapore English |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Cambridge |doi=10.17863/CAM.27060}}</ref><ref name=tanyy2016>{{cite book|last=Tan|first=Y.-Y.|chapter=The Americanization of the phonology of Asian Englishes: evidence from Singapore|title=Communicating with Asia: The future of English as a global language|date=2016|pages=120–134|editor1=Gerhard Leitner|editor2=Azirah Hashim|editor3=Hang-Georg Wolf|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107477186 }}</ref> Rhoticity is nevertheless generally uncommon and seldom consistent,<ref name="rhotic2">{{cite journal|first=Y.-Y.|last=Tan|title=To r or not to r: Social correlates of /ɹ/ in Singapore English|journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language|issue=218|date=December 2012|pages=1–24|doi=10.1515/ijsl-2012-0057|doi-broken-date=3 December 2024 }}</ref><ref name="rhotic3">{{cite journal|first=Alexandra|last=Hofbauer|title="How many c(R)s do you have?" A look into postvoincalic /r/ in Singapore English|journal=Lifespans and Styles|year=2018|volume=4|issue=1|pages=2–16|doi=10.2218/ls.v4i1.2018.2608|issn=2057-1720}}</ref> even in environments where a [[linking and intrusive R|linking ''r'']] could occur, e.g., ''my brothe<u>r</u> is'' and ''my siste<u>r</u> is''.<ref name="rhotic">{{cite journal|first1=Chor Hiang|last1=Tan|first2=Anthea Fraser|last2=Gupta|title=Post-vocalic /r/ in Singapore English|journal=York Papers in Linguistics|volume=16|year=1992|pages=139–152}}</ref><ref name="rhotic2" /> In a 2018 study examining the speech of 104 Singapore English speakers, ''r'' sounds were dropped at the end of syllables more than 90% of the time in conversational speech, while linking ''r'' was used less than 20% of the time. Cases of [[linking and intrusive R#Intrusive R|intrusive ''r'']] (e.g., pronouncing ''drawing'' as ''draw-ring'') were negligible.<ref name="rvariation" />