Editing Sigmund Freud (section)

====Resignations from the IPA====
Some of Freud's followers subsequently withdrew from the [[International Psychoanalytical Association]] (IPA) and founded their own schools.

From 1909, Adler's views on topics such as neurosis began to differ markedly from those held by Freud. As Adler's position appeared increasingly incompatible with Freudianism, a series of confrontations between their respective viewpoints took place at the meetings of the Viennese Psychoanalytic Society in January and February 1911. In February 1911, Adler, then the president of the society, resigned his position. At this time, Stekel also resigned from his position as vice president of the society. Adler finally left the Freudian group altogether in June 1911 to form his own organization with nine other members who had also resigned from the group.<ref>Three members of the Viennese Psychoanalytic Society resigned at the same time as Adler to establish the Society for Free Psychoanalysis. Six other members of the Viennese Psychoanalytic Society who attempted to retain links to both the Adlerian and Freudian camps were forced out after Freud insisted that they must choose one side or another. {{Cite book |last=Makari |first=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPWBHwLjeXsC&pg=PA262 |title=Revolution in Mind: The Creation of Psychoanalysis |publisher=Melbourne University Publishing |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-522-85480-0 |edition=Australian |location=Carlton, Vic. |page=262}}</ref> This new formation was initially called ''Society for Free Psychoanalysis'' but it was soon renamed the ''Society for Individual Psychology''. In the period after World War I, Adler became increasingly associated with a psychological position he devised called [[individual psychology]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ellenberger |first=Henri F. |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich |title=The Discovery of the Unconscious: the History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry |publisher=Basic Books |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-465-01673-0 |edition=[Repr.] |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich/page/456 456], 584–85 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

[[File:Freud and other psychoanalysts 1922.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.35|The Committee in 1922 (from left to right): [[Otto Rank]], Sigmund Freud, [[Karl Abraham]], [[Max Eitingon]], [[Sándor Ferenczi]], [[Ernest Jones]], and [[Hanns Sachs]]]]

In 1912, Jung published ''Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido'' (published in English in 1916 as ''[[Psychology of the Unconscious]]'') making it clear that his views were taking a direction quite different from those of Freud. To distinguish his system from psychoanalysis, Jung called it [[analytical psychology]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ellenberger |first=Henri F. |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich |title=The Discovery of the Unconscious: the History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry |publisher=Basic Books |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-465-01673-0 |edition=[Repr.] |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich/page/456 456] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Anticipating the final breakdown of the relationship between Freud and Jung, Ernest Jones initiated the formation of a [[Inner circle (psychoanalysis)|Secret Committee]] of loyalists charged with safeguarding the theoretical coherence and institutional legacy of the psychoanalytic movement. Formed in the autumn of 1912, the Committee comprised Freud, Jones, Abraham, Ferenczi, Rank, and [[Hanns Sachs]]. Max Eitingon joined the Committee in 1919. Each member pledged himself not to make any public departure from the fundamental tenets of [[psychoanalytic theory]] before he had discussed his views with the others. After this development, Jung recognised that his position was untenable and resigned as editor of the ''Jahrbuch'' and then as president of the IPA in April 1914. The Zürich branch of the IPA withdrew from membership the following July.<ref>Gay 2006, pp. 229–30, 241</ref>

Later the same year, Freud published a paper entitled "[[s:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement|The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement]]", the German original being first published in the ''Jahrbuch'', giving his view on the birth and evolution of the psychoanalytic movement and the withdrawal of Adler and Jung from it.

The final defection from Freud's inner circle occurred following the publication in 1924 of Rank's ''[[The Trauma of Birth]]'' which other members of the Committee read as, in effect, abandoning the Oedipus Complex as the central tenet of psychoanalytic theory. Abraham and Jones became increasingly forceful critics of Rank and though he and Freud were reluctant to end their close and long-standing relationship the break finally came in 1926 when Rank resigned from his official posts in the IPA and left Vienna for Paris. His place on the committee was taken by [[Anna Freud]].<ref>Gay 2006, pp. 474–81</ref> Rank eventually settled in the United States where his revisions of Freudian theory were to influence a new generation of therapists uncomfortable with the orthodoxies of the IPA.