Editing Short story (section)

=== 1900–1945 ===
In the United Kingdom, periodicals like ''[[The Strand Magazine]]'' and ''[[Story-Teller]]'' contributed to the popularity of the short story.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} Several authors during this time wrote short stories centered on the devices of satire and humor. One such author, Hector Hugh Munro (1870–1916), also known by his pen name of [[Saki]], wrote [[Satire|satirical]] short stories about [[Edwardian era|Edwardian]] England. [[P.G. Wodehouse]] published his first collection of comical stories about the valet, [[Jeeves]], in 1917. Other common genres of short stories during the early to mid 1900s in England were [[Detective fiction|detective stories]] and thrillers. Many of these detective stories were written by authors such as [[G.K. Chesterton]], [[Agatha Christie]], and [[Dorothy L. Sayers]]. [[Graham Greene]] wrote his collection of short stories, [[Twenty-One Stories]], between 1929 and 1954. Many of these short stories are classified in the genres of thriller, suspense, or even horror. The European short story movement during this time was not unique to England. In Ireland, [[James Joyce]] published his short story collection ''[[Dubliners]]'' in 1914. These stories, written in a more accessible style than his later novels, are based on careful observation of the inhabitants of his birth city.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

In the first half of the 20th century, a number of high-profile American magazines such as ''The [[Atlantic Monthly]]'', ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'', ''[[The New Yorker]]'', ''[[Scribner's Magazine|Scribner's]]'', ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'', ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', and ''[[The Bookman (New York)|The Bookman]]'' published short stories in each issue. The demand for quality short stories was so great and the money paid so well that [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] repeatedly turned to short-story writing to pay his numerous debts. His first collection, ''[[Flappers and Philosophers]],'' appeared in book form in 1920. Ernest Hemingway's concise writing style was perfectly suited for shorter fiction. Influenced by the short stories of [[Stephen Crane]] and [[Jack London]], Hemingway's work "marks a new phase in the history of the short story".{{Sfn|Hayes|2012|p=82, 85}} The creation and study of the short story as a medium began to emerge as an academic discipline due to [[Blanche Colton Williams]]' "groundbreaking work on structure and analysis of the short story"<ref name="Payne2003">{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Anne Payne|title=Mississippi Women: Their Histories, Their Lives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vYGy386DxT8C&pg=PA120|access-date=24 July 2012|date=17 November 2003|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=978-0-8203-2502-6}}</ref>{{rp|128}} and her publication of ''A Handbook on Short Story Writing'' (1917), described as "the first practical aid to growing young writers that was put on the market in this country."<ref>{{cite magazine |last= Leake |first= Grace |date=July 1933 |title= Blanche Colton Williams, Molder of Literature |magazine= Holland's, The Magazine of the South }}</ref>   

In [[Uruguay]], [[Horacio Quiroga]] became one of the most influential short story writers in the Spanish language. With a clear influence from [[Edgar Allan Poe]], he had a great skill in using the [[supernatural]] and the bizarre to show the struggle of man and animal to survive. He also excelled in portraying [[mental illness]] and [[Hallucination|hallucinatory]] states.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-15 |title=Horacio Quiroga {{!}} Biography, Books, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horacio-Quiroga |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

In India, [[Saadat Hasan Manto]], the master of the short story in the Urdu language, is revered for his exceptional depth, irony, and sardonic humor.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Dee |date=2022-03-18 |title=Saadat Hasan Manto's Legacy: On Reading Manto In A Crumbling Nation |url=https://bookriot.com/saadat-hasan-manto/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=BOOK RIOT |language=en-US}}</ref> The author of some 250 short stories, radio plays, essays, reminiscences, and a novel,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saadat Hasan Manto Archives |url=https://archipelagobooks.org/book_author/saadat-hasan-manto/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Archipelago Books |language=en-US}}</ref> Manto is widely admired for his analyses of violence, bigotry, prejudice, and the relationships between reason and unreason. Combining realism with surrealism and irony, Manto's works, such as the celebrated short story [[Toba Tek Singh]], are aesthetic masterpieces that continue to give profound insight into the nature of human loss, violence, and devastation.<ref name=":1" /> Another famous Urdu writer is [[Ismat Chughtai]], whose short story, "Lihaaf" (The Quilt), on a lesbian relationship between an upper-class Muslim woman and her maidservant created great controversy following its publication in 1942.

Notable examples in the period up to World War II include:

* [[Bohemia]]
** [[Franz Kafka]]
*** "[[A Hunger Artist]]" (1922)
*[[Brazil]]
**[[Mário de Andrade]]
**[[Antônio Castilho de Alcântara Machado|António de Alcantâra Machado]]
***''Brás, Bexiga e Barra Funda'' (1928)
**[[Graciliano Ramos]]
**[[Carlos Drummond de Andrade]]
* [[England]]
**[[Virginia Woolf]]
***"[[Kew Gardens (short story)|Kew Gardens]]" (1919)
***"Solid Objects"
**[[W. Somerset Maugham]]
**[[V.S. Pritchett]]
**[[Evelyn Waugh]]
**[[Muriel Spark]]
**[[L.P. Hartley]]
**[[Arthur C. Clarke]]
***"[[Travel by Wire!]]" (1937)
*[[Germany]]
**[[Thomas Mann]] 
*[[Hindi]]
**[[Jaishankar Prasad]]
*[[Japan]]
**[[Ryūnosuke Akutagawa]]
*[[New Zealand]]
**[[Katherine Mansfield]]
***"[[The Doll's House (short story)|The Doll's House]]" (1922)
*[[Portugal]]
**[[Mário de Sá-Carneiro]]
**[[Florbela Espanca]]
**[[Fernando Pessoa]]
* [[United States]]
** [[O. Henry]]
*** "[[The Ransom of Red Chief]]",
*** "[[The Cop and the Anthem]]",
*** "[[The Skylight Room]]",
*** "[[After Twenty Years]]",
*** "[[The Last Leaf]]",
*** "[[A Retrieved Reformation]]"
**[[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]
***"[[The Ice Palace (short story)|The Ice Palace]]"
***"[[The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story)|The Curious Case of Benjamin Button]]"
***"[[Absolution (short story)|Absolution]]"
***"[[The Rich Boy]]"
** [[Ernest Hemingway]]
*** "[[A Clean, Well-Lighted Place]]" (1926)
*** "[[Hills Like White Elephants]]" (1927)
*** "[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (short story)|The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]" (1936)
**[[William Faulkner]]
***''[[Go Down, Moses (book)|Go Down, Moses]]''
**[[Dorothy Parker]]
***"Big Blonde" (1929)
**[[Isaac Asimov]]
***"[[Nightfall (Asimov short story and novel)|Nightfall]]"