Editing Seymour Cray (section)

===Cray Computer Corporation===
{{plain image with caption|File:Cray Computer Corporation logo.svg|Logo of Cray Computer Corporation|150px}}
Cray decided to spin off the Colorado Springs laboratory to form '''Cray Computer Corporation'''. This new entity took the Cray-3 project with them.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cray-3|date=August 1993|publisher=Cray Computer Corporation|url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2010/02/102685990-05-01-acc.pdf|access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref>

The 500&nbsp;MHz Cray-3 proved to be Cray's second major failure. In order to provide the tenfold increase in performance that he always demanded of his newest machines, Cray decided that the machine would have to be built using [[gallium arsenide]] semiconductors.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cray|first1=Seymour|title=What's all this about Gallium Arsenide?|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xW7j2ipE2Ck |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/xW7j2ipE2Ck| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|website=YouTube|date=2 January 2011 |access-date=26 May 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref>  In the past Cray had always avoided using anything even near the [[state of the art]], preferring to use well-known solutions and designing a fast machine based on them. In this case, Cray was developing every part of the machine, even the chips inside it.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cray-3|url=https://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/supercomputer/graywolf|website=www2.cisl.ucar.edu|publisher=NCAR|access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref>

Nevertheless, the team were able to get the machine working and delivered their first example to NCAR on 24 May 1993.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watts|first1=H.R.|title=15th Annual GaAs IC Symposium |chapter=The future of GaAs in the CRAY-3 and CRAY-4 supercomputers |pages=137–139|date=1993|doi=10.1109/GAAS.1993.394484|isbn=978-0-7803-1393-4|s2cid=60512437}}</ref>

The machine was still essentially a prototype, and the company was using the installation to debug the design.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Engel|first1=Tom|title=HPC at NCAR: Past, Present and Future|journal=Cray User's Group Proceedings|date=26 May 2010|pages=1–13|url=https://cug.org/5-publications/proceedings_attendee_lists/CUG10CD/pages/1-program/final_program/CUG10_Proceedings/pages/authors/11-15Wednesday/14A-CUG2010_Engel_HPC_at_NCAR_paper.pdf|access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref> By this time a number of [[massively parallel]] machines were coming into the market at price/performance ratios the Cray-3 could not touch. Cray responded through "brute force", starting design of the [[Cray-4]], which would run at 1&nbsp;GHz and outpower these machines, regardless of price.

In 1995 there had been no further sales of the Cray-3, and the ending of the [[Cold War]] made it unlikely anyone would buy enough Cray-4s to offer a return on the development funds. The company ran out of money and filed for Chapter 11 [[bankruptcy]] 24 March 1995.<ref>{{cite web|title=Case Details|url=https://www.unitedstatescourts.org/federal/cob/37203/|website=www.unitedstatescourts.org|access-date=26 May 2017}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>