Editing Seven Laws of Noah (section)

=== Academic and secular ===
According to [[Michael S. Kogan]], professor of philosophy and [[religious studies]] at [[Montclair State University]], the Seven Laws of Noah are not explicitly mentioned in the Torah but were exegetically extrapolated from the Book of Genesis by 2nd-century rabbis,<ref name="Kogan 2008">{{cite book |last=Kogan |first=Michael S. |year=2008 |chapter=Three Jewish Theologians of Christianity |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aE8SDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |title=Opening the Covenant: A Jewish Theology of Christianity |location=New York City |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=73–76 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112597.003.0003 |isbn=978-0-19-511259-7 |s2cid=170858477 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> which wrote them down in the Tosefta.<ref name="Kogan 2008"/>

According to Adam J. Silverstein, professor of [[Middle Eastern studies]] and [[Islamic studies]] at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], Jewish theologians started to rethink the relevance and applicability of the Seven Laws of Noah during the [[Middle Ages]], primarily due to the precarious living conditions of the Jewish people under the [[History of European Jews in the Middle Ages|Medieval Christian kingdoms]] and the [[History of the Jews under Muslim rule|Islamic world]] (see [[Jewish–Christian relations]] and [[Islamic–Jewish relations|Jewish–Islamic relations]]), since both [[Christians]] and [[Muslims]] recognize the [[Patriarchs (Bible)|patriarch]] [[Abraham]] as the unifying figure of the [[Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic tradition]], alongside the [[Monotheism|monotheistic]] [[God in Abrahamic religions|conception of God]].<ref name="Silverstein 2015">{{cite book |last=Silverstein |first=Adam J. |year=2015 |chapter=Abrahamic Experiments in History |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B2DCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 |editor1-last=Blidstein |editor1-first=Moshe |editor2-last=Silverstein |editor2-first=Adam J. |editor3-last=Stroumsa |editor3-first=Guy G. |editor3-link=Guy Stroumsa |title=The Oxford Handbook of the Abrahamic Religions |location=[[Oxford]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=43–46 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697762.013.35 |isbn=978-0-19-969776-2 |lccn=2014960132 |s2cid=170623059 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Silverstein states that Jewish theology came to include concepts and frameworks that would permit certain types of non-Jews to be recognized as righteous and deserving of life in the Hereafter due to the "Noachide Law". He sees there being two "Torahs": one for Jews, the other for the gentile "Children of Noah". Whilst theoretically the Noachide Law should be universal, its prohibitions against blasphemy and idolatry mean that in practice it only really applied to non-idolatrous theists. Therefore, Jews normally considered Christians and/or Muslims when discussing this concept.<ref name="Silverstein 2015"/>

[[David Novak]], professor of [[Jewish theology]] and [[Jewish ethics|ethics]] at the [[University of Toronto]], presents a range of theories regarding the sources from which the Seven Laws of Noah originated, including the Hebrew Bible itself, [[Hittite laws]], the [[Maccabees|Maccabean period]], and the [[Judea (Roman province)|Roman period]].<ref name="Novak 1983">{{cite book |last=Novak |first=David |author-link=David Novak |year=2011 |orig-year=1983 |title=The Image of the Non-Jew in Judaism: An Historical and Constructive Study of the Noahide Laws |location=[[Toronto]] |publisher=[[Liverpool University Press]] |series=Littman Library of Jewish Civilization |doi=10.2307/j.ctv1rmj9w |isbn=9781786949820}}</ref> Regarding the [[#Modern Noahide movement|modern Noahide movement]], he denounced it by stating that {{qi|If Jews are telling Gentiles what to do, it's a form of [[imperialism]]}}.<ref name="Kress"/>