Editing Scientific misconduct (section)

=== Research institution responsibility ===
In general, defining whether an individual is guilty of misconduct requires a detailed investigation by the individual's employing academic institution. Such investigations require detailed and rigorous processes and can be extremely costly. Furthermore, the more senior the individual under suspicion, the more likely it is that conflicts of interest will compromise the investigation. In many countries (with the notable exception of the United States) acquisition of funds on the basis of fraudulent data is not a legal offence and there is consequently no regulator to oversee investigations into alleged research misconduct. Universities therefore have few incentives to investigate allegations in a robust manner, or act on the findings of such investigations if they vindicate the allegation.

Well publicised cases illustrate the potential role that senior academics in research institutions play in concealing scientific misconduct. A King's College (London) internal investigation showed research findings from one of their researchers to be 'at best unreliable, and in many cases spurious'<ref>{{cite journal | author = Wilmshurst P | year = 2002| title = Institutional corruption in medicine (2002) | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 325 | issue = 7374| pages = 1232–1235 | doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1232| pmid = 12446544| pmc = 1124696}}</ref> but the college took no action, such as retracting relevant published research or preventing further episodes from occurring.

In a more recent case<ref>{{cite journal |last=Jayaraman |first=K. S. |title=Indian scientists battle journal retraction | journal=Nature |volume=447 | issue=7146 |date=June 14, 2007 | doi = 10.1038/447764a | pages=764 | pmid=17568715|bibcode=2007Natur.447..764J |doi-access=free }}</ref> an internal investigation at the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune determined that there was evidence of misconduct by [[Gopal Kundu]], but an external committee was then organised which dismissed the allegation, and the NCCS issued a memorandum exonerating the authors of all charges of misconduct. Undeterred by the NCCS exoneration, the relevant journal (''[[Journal of Biological Chemistry]]'') withdrew the paper based on its own analysis.