Editing Saxifragales (section)

=== Families ===
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|[[File:Peridiscus lucidus (Hooker).png|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Peridiscus|Peridiscus lucidus]]''|alt=Botanical illustration of Peridiscus lucidus]]

==== Peridiscaceae ==== 
{{Main|Peridiscaceae}}
The Peridiscaceae (Ringflower family) are a small tropical family of 4 genera and 11–12 species of small trees and shrubs found in the [[Guiana Shield]] of S America (2 genera, one of which, ''Whittonia'', is thought to be [[extinct]]) and West and Central Africa (2 genera). The majority of species occur in the African genus ''[[Soyauxia]]''. The name comes from the [[Ancient greek language|Greek]], ''peri'' (around) ''discos'' (ring).{{sfn|Berry|2017}}{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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|[[File:Bánáti bazsarózsák a Somos-hegyen.jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Paeonia officinalis]]''|alt=Paeonia officinalis growing in Hungary]]

==== Paeoniaceae ====
{{Main|Paeoniaceae}}
The Paeoniaceae (Peony family) consist of a single genus (''Paeonia'') with about 33 species of perennial herbs and small shrubs with showy flowers, found from the Mediterranean to Japan, but two species occur in western N America. They are commercially important as popular garden ornamentals, cultivated since antiquity, and have been used medicinally. The herbaceous varieties are derived from ''[[Paeonia lactiflora|P. lactiflora]]'', while the shrubs are derived from ''[[Paeonia suffruticosa|P. suffruticosa]]'' (tree peony), both Asian species. The botanical name comes from its Greek name, ''paionia'', named in turn for the God [[Pan (god)|Pan]].{{sfn|Berry|2017}}{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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|[[File:Liquidambar. Western Way, Exeter - geograph.org.uk - 1058382.jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Liquidambar styraciflua]]''|alt=Liquidambar styraciflua tree]]

==== Altingiaceae ====
{{Main|Altingiaceae}}
The Altingiaceae (Sweetgum family) consist of a single genus (''[[Liquidambar]]'') with 15 species of trees with unisexual flowers found in Eurasia, but with one species in North and Central America, ''[[Liquidambar styraciflua]]'' (American sweetgum). ''Liquidambar'' is used for its [[resin]] and timber, as well being ornamental trees. The nominative genus and family are named after [[Willem Alting]], and Liquidambar for liquid ''ambar'', Arabic for the resin.{{sfn|Berry|2017}}{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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|[[File:Hamamelis virginiana FlowersLeaves BotGardBln0906.JPG|thumb|130px|left|''[[Hamamelis virginiana]]''|alt=Branch of Hamamelis virginiana showing flowers and leaves]]

==== Hamamelidaceae ====
{{Main|Hamamelidaceae}}
The Hamamelidaceae (Witch-hazel family) consists of trees and shrubs with a widespread distribution, but main centres in East Asia and Malaysia. They are found in wet woodlands and forested slopes. The family has 26 genera and about 80–100 species, in five subfamilies, of which the nominative, Hamamelidoideae, contains over 75% of the genera. The species have uses as medicaments, timber and ornamental plants for their flowers, such as ''[[Hamamelis]]'' (witch hazel) or leaves, such as ''[[Parrotia persica]]'' (Persian ironwood). The family and nominative genus is named for the Greek ''hamamelis'', the wych elm.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Berry|2017}}
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|[[File:Cercidiphyllum japonicum (arboretum Aubonne).JPG|thumb|130px|left|''[[Cercidiphyllum japonicum]]''|alt=Cercidiphyllum japonicum]]

==== Cercidiphyllaceae ====
{{Main|Cercidiphyllaceae}}
The Cercidiphyllaceae (Caramel-tree family) are a small family of deciduous trees found in China and Japan, with a single genus, ''Cercidiphyllum'' and two species, ''[[Cercidiphyllum japonicum|C. japonicum]]'' and ''[[Cercidiphyllum magnificum|C. magnificum]]''. The trees are valued for their wood (''katsura'') and as ornamentals. ''[[Cercidiphyllum japonicum|C. japonicum]]'' is the largest deciduous tree in Japan. The name is derived from the Greek words ''kerkis'' ([[Poplar (botany)|poplar]]) and ''fyllon'' (leaf), from a supposed similarity in leaves.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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|[[File:Daphniphyllum macropodum 120502-1.jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Daphniphyllum macropodum]]''|alt=Daphniphyllum macropodum]]

==== Daphniphyllaceae ====
{{Main|Daphniphyllaceae}}
The Daphniphyllaceae (Laurel-leaf family) consist of a single genus, ''Daphniphyllum'', with about 30 species. They are evergreen unisexual trees and shrubs distributed in SE Asia and the Solomon Islands. The dried leaves of ''[[Daphniphyllum macropodum]]''{{efn|''D. humile'' is a synonym of the accepted ''D. macropodum''}} have been used for smoking in Japan and Siberia. The name is derived from the Greek words ''dafne'' (laurel) and ''fyllon'' (leaf), from a supposed resemblance to the leaves of the former (''[[Laurus nobilis]]'').{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}  
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|[[File:Crassula perfoliata minor 1c.JPG|thumb|130px|left|''[[Crassula perfoliata]]''|alt=Crassula perfoliata]]

==== Crassulaceae ====
{{Main|Crassulaceae}}
The Crassulaceae (Orpine and Stonecrop family) are a medium size diverse and cosmopolitan family, that form the largest family within Saxifragales. They are mainly [[succulent]], rarely aquatic, with a specialised form of [[photosynthesis]] ([[Crassulacean Acid Metabolism]]). Genera vary from 7 to 35, depending on the circumscription of the large genus ''[[Sedum]]'', and there are about 1,400 species. Uses are diverse, including spices, medicaments and roof coverings as well as ornamental [[rock garden]] and household plants such as the S African ''[[Crassula ovata]]'', the jade or money plant. The name is derived from the Latin, ''crassus'' (thick), referring to the fleshy leaves.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Berry|2017}}
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|[[File:Aphanopetalumresinosumgdn.jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Aphanopetalum resinosum]]''|alt= Aphanopetalum resinosum vine]]

==== Aphanopetalaceae ====
{{Main|Aphanopetalaceae}}
The Aphanopetalaceae (Gum-vine family) consists of a single genus of Australian climbing shrubs, ''Aphanopetalum'', which has two species, ''[[Aphanopetalum clematideum|A. clematidium]]'' (SW Australia) and ''[[Aphanopetalum resinosum|A. resinosum]]'' (Queensland, NSW). The name is derived from the Greek words ''afanos'' (inconspicuous) and ''petalon'' (petal).{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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|[[File:Tetracarpaea.jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Tetracarpaea tasmannica]]''|alt= Flowers of Tetracarpaea tasmannica]]

==== Tetracarpaeaceae ====
{{Main|Tetracarpaeaceae}}
The Tetracarpaeaceae (Delicate-laurel family) is a very small evergreen Australian shrub family with a single genus, ''Tetracarpaea'' and a single species, ''T. tasmannica'', confined to subalpine Tasmania. The name is derived from the Greek words ''tetra'' (four) and ''carpos'' (fruit), referring to the ovaries which have four carpels.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Berry|2017}}
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|[[File:Penthorum sedoides 002.JPG|thumb|130px|left|''[[Penthorum sedoides]]''|alt= Flowers of Penthorum sedoides]]

==== Penthoraceae ====
{{Main|Penthoraceae}}
The Penthoraceae (Ditch-stonecrop family) is a very small family of rhizomatous perennial herbs found in eastern N America and E Asia, in mainly wet environments. It consists of a single genus, ''Penthorum'' with two species, ''[[Penthorum sedoides|P. sedoides]]'' in N America and ''[[Penthorum chinense|P. chinense]]'' from Siberia to Thailand. ''P. sedoides'' is used in aquaria and water gardens.{{sfn|Les|2017}} The name is derived from the Greek word ''pente'' (five) referring to the five-part fruit.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Berry|2017}}
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|[[File:Haloragis erecta 2007-06-02 (flower).jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Haloragis erecta ]]''|alt= Flowers and leaves of Haloragis erecta ]]

==== Haloragaceae  ====
{{Main|Haloragaceae }}
The Haloragaceae (Water-milfoil family) is a small family of trees, shrubs, perennial, annual terrestrial, marsh and aquatic herbs with global distribution, but especially Australia. It consists of 9–11 genera and about 145 species. The largest genus is ''[[Gonocarpus]]'' with about 40 species. The major horticultural genus is ''[[Myriophyllum]]'' (watermilfoil) whose species are valued as aquaria and pond plants but may escape and naturalise, becoming invasive. Some cultivars of ''[[Haloragis]]'' are valued as ornamentals.{{sfn|Les|2017}} Only one genus, ''[[Haloragodendron]]'', is a shrub and is confined to S Australia. The family and nominative genus, ''Haloragis'' are named from the Greek words ''halas'' (salt) and ''rhoges'' (berries).{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Berry|2017}}
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|[[File:Itea virginica 2zz.jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Itea virginica]]''|alt= Itea virginica plant ]]

==== Iteaceae  ====
{{Main|Iteaceae }}
The Iteaceae (Sweetspire family) is a widespread small family of trees and shrubs, with 2 genera,  and 18–21 species, found in tropical to northern temperate regions. The larger genus, ''[[Itea (plant)|Itea]]'' (c. 16 spp.) is more widespread, from the Himalayas to Japan and western [[Malesia]] and one species in eastern N America (''[[Itea virginica|I. virginica]]'')  whereas ''[[Pterostemon]]'' (c. 2 spp) is confined to [[Oaxaca]], Mexico. ''I. virginica'' and ''[[Itea ilicifolia|I. ilicifolia]]'', from China, are valued  as  ornamental shrubs. The name is derived from the Greek word ''itea'' (willow) for its rapid growth and similar leaf form.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Berry|2017}}
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|[[File:Ribes_rubrum.jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Ribes rubrum]]''|alt= Fruit and leaves of Ribes rubrum ]]

==== Grossulariaceae   ====
{{Main| Grossulariaceae }}
The Grossulariaceae  (Gooseberry family) are shrubs that are usually deciduous. The single genus, ''[[Ribes]]'', has about 150 species that are commercially important and widely cultivated for their fruit and also grown as ornamentals, such as ''[[Ribes uva-crispa|R. uva-crispa]]'' (gooseberry) and ''[[Ribes nigrum|R. nigrum]]'' (blackcurrant). They are found in temperate northern hemisphere regions but extending through the Andes into S America. The family name is derived from the Latin word ''grossulus'' (an unripe fig), and ''Ribes'' is Latinised from the [[Semitic languages|semitic]] word ''ribas'' (acid taste).{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Berry|2017}}
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|[[File:Saxifraga granulata 140505.jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Saxifraga granulata]]''|alt= Flowers of Saxifraga granulata]]

====  Saxifragaceae  ====
{{Main| Saxifragaceae }}
The Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage family) are mainly perennial herbs distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and Andes, and New Guinea, in damp woodlands and cooler northern regions, rarely aquatic, but are adapted to a wide range of moisture conditions. The family, greatly reduced, includes 35 genera and about 640 species, in two lineages, saxifragoids (e.g. ''[[Saxifraga]]'', rockfoil) and heucheroids (e.g. ''[[Heuchera]]'', coral bells). The largest genus is ''Saxifraga'', the type genus (370 species), though several genera are monotypic. Saxifragaceae are the most horticulturally important of the herbaceous Saxifragales. They provide foodstuffs and medicaments and include many ornamentals, particularly of border, rock and woodland gardens, such as ''[[Astilbe]]'', though the largest number of cultivated species belong to ''Saxifraga''. The family and type genus name are derived from the two Latin words ''saxum'' (rock), and ''frango'' (to break), but the exact origin is unknown, although surmised to be either because of the ability of ''Saxifraga'' to grow in crevices in rocks or medicinal use for [[kidney stones]].{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Berry|2017}}
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|[[File:Cynomorium coccineum 2.jpg|thumb|130px|left|''[[Cynomorium coccineum]]''|alt= Inflorescence of Cynomorium coccineum]]

====  Cynomoriaceae  ====
{{Main| Cynomoriaceae }}
The Cynomoriaceae (Tarthuth or Maltese Mushroom family) consists of a single genus, ''Cynomorium'' with one or two species, ''[[Cynomorium coccineum|C. coccineum]]'' (Mediterranean basin) and ''[[Cynomorium songaricum|C. songaricum]]'' (central Asia and China; sometimes treated as a variety of ''C. coccineum''). They are perennial bisexual herbaceous parasitic plants lacking chlorophyll, from deserts and arid regions. They have been harvested for food, as a dye and in traditional medicine. The name is derived from two Greek words ''kynos'' (dog), and ''morion'' (penis), for its shape.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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