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====Potential health risks==== Sauna bathing coupled with alcohol consumption or dehydration increases the risk of sudden death;<ref name="Laukkanen3" /> the use of [[narcotic]] drugs, such as [[cocaine]], also increases the risk.<ref name="Press">{{Cite journal |last=Press |first=E |year=1991 |title=The Health Hazards of Saunas and Spas and How to Minimize Them |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=81 |issue=8 |pages=1034β1037 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.81.8.1034 |issn=0090-0036 |pmc=1405706 |pmid=1853995 }}</ref> Being severely obese, having [[high blood pressure]], or being [[diabetic]] all serve as reasons to decrease the duration of sauna sessions.<ref name="Press" /> Individuals prone to [[postural hypotension]] or severe [[valvular heart disease]] should use a sauna cautiously to reduce the risk of a drop in blood pressure.<ref name="Laukkanen1" /> In people with cardiovascular disease, sauna usage is generally safe, as long as their condition is stable.<ref name="Laukkanen1" /><ref name="Laukkanen3" /> However, sauna bathing is [[contraindicated]] in persons with [[unstable angina]] and severe [[aortic stenosis]].<ref name="Hannuksela" /> A one-year study in Finland showed that only 67 (2.6%) of sudden deaths in saunas were non-accidental, mostly due to [[coronary heart disease]].<ref name="Hannuksela" /> Pregnant women can use saunas as long as their core temperature does not exceed {{convert|39.0|C|F}}, as this may be [[teratogenic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ravanelli |first1=Nicholas |last2=Casasola |first2=William |last3=English |first3=Timothy |last4=Edwards |first4=Kate M. |last5=Jay |first5=Ollie |year=2019 |title=Heat stress and fetal risk. Environmental limits for exercise and passive heat stress during pregnancy: a systematic review with best evidence synthesis |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |volume=53 |issue=13 |pages=799β805 |doi=10.1136/bjsports-2017-097914 |pmid=29496695 |s2cid=3643965 |doi-access=free }}</ref> One study has found that genital heat stress from frequent sauna sessions could cause [[male infertility]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Leisegang |first1=Kristian |last2=Dutta |first2=Sulagna |year=2021 |title=Do lifestyle practices impede male fertility? |journal=Andrologia |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=e13595 |doi=10.1111/and.13595 |pmid=32330362 |s2cid=216129511 |issn=0303-4569 |doi-access=free |hdl=10566/5440 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>{{refn|Minna Hannuksela and Samer Ellahham state the opposite, namely that sauna bathing does not affect fertility.<ref name="Hannuksela" />|group=note}}
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