Editing Sansei (section)

===Generations===
Japanese-Americans and Japanese-Canadians have special names for each of their generations in North America. These are formed by combining one of the [[Japanese numbers]] corresponding to the [[generation]] with the Japanese word for generation (''sei'' 世). The Japanese-American and Japanese-Canadian communities have themselves distinguished their members with terms like ''Issei'', ''Nisei'' and ''Sansei'' which describe the first, second and third generation of immigrants. The fourth generation is called ''Yonsei'' (四世) and the fifth is called ''Gosei'' (五世).  The ''Issei'', ''Nisei'' and ''Sansei'' generations reflect distinctly different attitudes to authority, gender, non-Japanese involvement, religious belief and practice and other matters.<ref>McLellan, {{Google books|NMm024458s4C|p. 59.|page=59}}</ref> The age when individuals faced the wartime evacuation and internment is the single, most significant factor which explains these variations in their experiences, attitudes and behaviour patterns.<ref name="mclellan36"/>  

The term ''[[Japanese diaspora|Nikkei]]'' (日系) encompasses all of the world's Japanese immigrants across generations.<ref>Japanese American National Museum, [http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/what/ "What is Nikkei?"] retrieved 2011-05-17</ref>   The collective memory of the ''Issei'' and older ''Nisei'' was an image of Meiji Japan from 1870 through 1911, which contrasted sharply with the Japan that newer immigrants had more recently left.  These differing attitudes, social values and associations with Japan were often incompatible with each other.<ref name="mclellan37">McLellan, {{Google books|NMm024458s4C|p. 37.|page=37}}</ref>  In this context, the significant differences in post-war experiences and opportunities did nothing to mitigate the gaps which separated generational perspectives.

{|class="wikitable "
! [[Generation]]!![[Wiktionary:cohort|Cohort]] description
|-
|[[Issei]] (一世) || The generation of people born in Japan who later immigrated to another country.
|-
|[[Nisei]] (二世) ||The generation of people born outside Japan to at least one ''Issei'' parent.
|-
|Sansei (三世) ||The generation of people born to at least one ''Nisei'' parent.
|-
|[[Yonsei (fourth-generation Nikkei)|Yonsei]] (四世) || The generation of people born to at least one ''Sansei'' parent.
|-
|[[Gosei (fifth-generation Nikkei)|Gosei]]&nbsp;(五世) || The generation of people born to at least one ''Yonsei'' parent.<ref>Ikezoe-Halevi, Jean. [http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2006/10/31/voices-of-chicago/  "Voices of Chicago: Day of Remembrance 2006,"] ''Discover Nikkei'' (US). October 31, 2006.</ref>
|}

In North America since the redress victory in 1988, a significant evolutionary change has occurred.  The ''Sansei'', their parents, their grandparents, and their children are changing the way they look at themselves and their pattern of accommodation to the non-Japanese majority.<ref>McLellan, {{Google books|NMm024458s4C|p. 68.|page=68}}</ref>

There are currently just over one hundred thousand [[Japanese in the United Kingdom|British Japanese]], mostly in [[London]]; but unlike other ''[[Japanese diaspora|Nikkei]]'' communities elsewhere in the world, these Britons do not conventionally parse their communities in generational terms as ''Issei'', ''Nisei'' or ''Sansei''.<ref>Itoh, Keiko. (2001). {{Google books|VBijCPLvWyUC|''The Japanese Community in Pre-War Britain: From Integration to Disintegration,''  p. 7.|page=7}}</ref><ref>See also “Japan is Not Invited to Lord Mountbatten’s Funeral,” New York Times (September 5, 1979).</ref>

====Sansei====
The third generation of immigrants, born in the United States or Canada to parents born in the United States or Canada, is called ''Sansei'' (三世). Children born to the ''Nisei'' were generally born after 1945. They speak English as their first language and are completely acculturized in the contexts of Canadian or American society. They tend to identify with Canadian or American values, norms and expectations. Few speak Japanese and most tend to express their identity as Canadian or American rather than Japanese. Among the ''Sansei'' there is an overwhelming percentage of marriages to persons of non-Japanese ancestry.<ref name="mclellan37"/>

====Aging====
The ''[[kanreki]]'' (還暦), a traditional, pre-modern Japanese rite of passage to old age at 60, was sometimes celebrated by the ''Issei'' and is now being celebrated by increasing numbers of ''Nisei'' and a few ''Sansei''. Rituals are enactments of shared meanings, norms, and values and this  Japanese rite of passage highlights a collective response among the Nisei to the conventional dilemmas of growing older.<ref>Doi, Mary L. [https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00056753  "A Transformation of Ritual: The Nisei 60th Birthday."] ''Journal	Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology.'' Vol. 6, No. 2 (April, 1991); retrieved 2011-05-17</ref>