Editing Sally Hemings (section)

==Grandchildren and other descendants==
===Madison's descendants===
Madison's sons fought on the Union side in the Civil War. Thomas Eston Hemings enlisted in the [[United States Colored Troops]] (USCT); captured, he spent time at the [[Andersonville National Historic Site|Andersonville POW camp]] and died in a POW camp in [[Meridian, Mississippi|Meridian]], Mississippi. According to a Hemings descendant, his brother James attempted to cross Union lines and "[[Passing (racial identity)|pass]]" as a white man to enlist in the Confederate army to rescue him.<ref>[http://www.bradyresearch.com/Mary%20Elizabeth%20Hemings%20Butler%20Lee%20Brady.htm "Mary Elizabeth Hemings Butler Lee Brady"], Brady Research</ref> Later, James Hemings was rumored to have moved to Colorado and perhaps passed into white society. Like some others in the family, he disappeared from the record, and the rest of his biography remains unknown.<ref name="Brodie" />

A third son, William Hemings, enlisted in the regular Union Army as a white man.<ref name="Brodie" /> Madison's last known male-line descendant, William, never married and was not known to have had children. He died in 1910 in a veterans' hospital.<ref name="memory" />

Some of Madison Hemings' children and grandchildren who remained in Ohio suffered from the limited opportunities for blacks at that time, working as laborers, servants, or small farmers. They tended to marry within the mixed-race community in the region, who eventually became established as people of education and property.<ref>Stanton and Swann-Dwight, ''Bonds of Memory'', pp. 161–170</ref>

Madison's daughter, Ellen Wayles Hemings, married Alexander Jackson Roberts, a graduate of [[Oberlin College]]. When their first son was young, they moved to [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], California, where the family and its descendants became leaders in the 20th century. Their first son, [[Frederick Madison Roberts]] (1879–1952) – Sally Hemings' and Jefferson's great-grandson – was the first person of known black ancestry elected to public office on the West Coast: he served for nearly 20 years in the [[California State Assembly]] from 1919 to 1934. Their second son, William Giles Roberts, was also a civic leader.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ellen Hemings Roberts |url= http://www.monticello.org/getting-word/people/ellen-hemings-roberts |work=Monticello.org |publisher=[[Thomas Jefferson Foundation]] |access-date=March 17, 2014}}</ref> Their descendants have had a strong tradition of college education and public service.<ref name="AHM-Brodie">{{cite magazine |url= http://www.americanheritage.com/content/thomas-jefferson%E2%80%99s-unknown-grandchildren |first=Fawn M. |last=Brodie |title=Thomas Jefferson's Unknown Grandchildren: A Study in Historical Silences |magazine=[[American Heritage Magazine]] |date=June 1976 |volume=27 |issue=6 |access-date=March 26, 2014}}</ref>

===Eston's descendants===
[[File:John Wayles Jefferson.jpg|thumb|[[John Wayles Jefferson|Colonel John Wayles Jefferson]], a grandson of Hemings, through her son [[Eston Hemings|Eston]]]]

Eston's sons also enlisted in the Union Army, both as white men from [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]], Wisconsin. His first son [[John Wayles Jefferson]] had red hair and gray eyes like his grandfather Jefferson. By the 1850s, John Jefferson in his twenties was the proprietor of the American Hotel in Madison. At one time he operated it with his younger brother Beverley. He was commissioned as a [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] officer during the Civil War, during which he was promoted to the rank of Colonel and served at the [[Battle of Vicksburg]]. He wrote letters about the war to the newspaper in Madison for publication.<ref name="jwjeff">[http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/wlhba/articleView.asp?pg=1&id=4558 "Letter from J. W. Jefferson"], Wisconsin State Historical Society</ref> After the war, John Jefferson returned to Wisconsin, where he frequently wrote for newspapers and published accounts about his war experiences. He later moved to [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], Tennessee, where he became a successful and wealthy cotton broker. He never married or had known children,<ref name="Brodie">{{cite magazine |url= http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1976/6/1976_6_28.shtml |title=Thomas Jefferson's unknown grandchildren |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080618171703/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1976/6/1976_6_28.shtml |archive-date=June 18, 2008 |first=Fawn |last=Brodie |magazine=[[American Heritage Magazine]] |date=October 1976}}</ref><ref name="memory">Lewis, Jan. ''Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture''. University of Virginia Press (1999), p. 169.</ref> and left a sizeable estate.<ref name="BJobit" />

Eston's second son, Beverley Jefferson, also served in the regular Union Army, as a white man. After operating the American Hotel with his brother John, he later separately operated the Capital Hotel. He also built a successful horse-drawn "omnibus" business. He and his wife Anna M. Smith had five sons, three of whom reached the professional class as a physician, attorney, and manager in the railroad industry.<ref name="BJobit" /> According to his 1908 obituary, Beverley Jefferson was "a likeable character at the Wisconsin capital and a familiar of statesmen for half a century".<ref name="BJobit">[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/ladr&CISOPTR=4&CISOSHOW=0 Beverly Jefferson Obituary and photo], Wisconsin History</ref> His friend Augustus J. Munson wrote, "Beverley Jefferson['s] death deserves more than a passing notice, as he was a grandson of Thomas Jefferson&nbsp;.... [He] was one of God's noblemen – gentle, kind, courteous, charitable."<ref name="autogenerated1">''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 89, No. 3, September 2001, p. 216</ref> Beverley and Anna's great-grandson John Weeks Jefferson is the Eston Hemings descendant whose DNA was tested in 1998; it matched the Y-chromosome of the Thomas Jefferson male line.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/01/us/dna-test-finds-evidence-of-jefferson-child-by-slave.html |first1=Dinitia |last1=Smith |first2=Nicholas |last2=Wade |title=DNA Test Finds Evidence Of Jefferson Child by Slave |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 1998}}</ref>

There are known male-line descendants of Eston Hemings Jefferson, and known female-line descendants of Madison Hemings' three daughters: Sarah, Harriet, and Ellen.<ref name="monticelloreport" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Jefferson Descendants Reconcile Family History |url= http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2011/February/Jefferson-Descendants-Heal-Family-Division/ |access-date=September 24, 2015 |work=CBN.com |publisher=[[Christian Broadcasting Network]]}}</ref>