Editing Sabbateans (section)

==Rabbis who opposed the Sabbateans==
* [[Joseph Escapa]] (1572–1662) was especially known for having been the teacher of Zevi and for having afterward excommunicated him.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Goldstein|first1=M.B.|title=The Newest Testament: A Secular Bible|date=2013|publisher=Archway Publishing|isbn=9781480801554|page=468|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQmAAQAAQBAJ}}</ref>
* [[Aaron Lapapa]] (1590–1674) was the  rabbi at [[Smyrna]] in 1665, when Zevi's movement was at its height there. He was one of the few rabbis to oppose and  [[excommunicate]] Zevi. Zevi and his adherents retorted by deposing him and forcing him to leave the city, and his office was given to his colleague, Hayyim Benveniste, at that time one of Sabbatai's followers. After Sabbatai's conversion to [[Islam]], Lapapa seems to have been reinstated.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
* [[Jacob ben Aaron Sasportas]] (1610–1698) was one of the fiercest opponents of the Sabbatean movement. He wrote many letters to various communities in Europe, Asia, and Africa, exhorting them to unmask the impostors and to warn the people against them. He documented his struggle in his book ''Tzitzat Novel Tzvi'', the title being based on Isaiah 28:4. He wrote a number of works, such as ''Toledot Ya'akob'' (1652), an index of Biblical passages found in the ''haggadah'' of the [[Jerusalem Talmud]], similar to Aaron Pesaro's ''Toledot Aharon'', which relates to the Babylonian [[Talmud]] only; and ''Ohel Ya'akov'' (1737), a volume of halachic [[Responsa in Judaism|responsa]] which includes polemical correspondence against Zevi and his followers.
* [[Jacob Hagis]] (1620–1674) was one of Zevi's chief opponents, who put him under the [[Herem (censure)|ban]]. About 1673 Hagis went to [[Constantinople]] to publish his ''Lehem ha-Panim,'' but he died there before this was accomplished. This book, as well as many others of his, was lost.
* [[Naphtali Cohen]] (1649–1718) was a [[kabbalist]] who was tricked into giving an [[wikt:approbation|approbation]] to a book by the Sabbatean [[Nehemiah Hayyun]]. Provided with this and with other recommendations secured in the same way, Hayyun traveled throughout [[Moravia]] and [[Silesia]], propagating everywhere his Sabbatean teachings. Cohen soon discovered his mistake, and endeavored, without success, to recover his approbation, although he did not as yet realize the full import of the book. It was in 1713, while Cohen was staying at [[Breslau]] (where he acted as a rabbi until 1716), that Haham [[Tzvi Ashkenazi]] of [[Amsterdam]] informed him of its tenets. Cohen thereupon acted rigorously. He launched a ban against the author and his book, and became one of the most zealous supporters of Haham Tzvi in his campaign against Hayyun.
* [[David Nieto]] (1654–1728) was the ''[[Hakham|haham]]'' of the [[Spanish and Portuguese Jews|Spanish and Portuguese Jewish]] community in [[London]]. He waged war untiringly on the Sabbateans, which he regarded as dangerous to the best interests of Judaism, and in this connection wrote his ''Esh Dat'' (London, 1715) against [[Nehemiah Hayyun]] (who supported Zevi).
* [[Tzvi Ashkenazi]] (1656–1718) known as the ''Chacham Tzvi'', for some time [[rabbi]] of [[Amsterdam]], was a resolute opponent of the followers of Sabbatai Zevi. In Salonica he also witnessed the impact of the [[Sabbatai Zevi]] movement on the community, and this experience became a determining factor in his whole career. His son [[Jacob Emden]] served as rabbi in [[Emden]] and followed in his father's footsteps in combating the Sabbatean movement.
* [[Moses Hagiz]] (1671 – c. 1750) was born in [[Jerusalem]] and waged a campaign against [[Sabbatean]] emissaries during 1725–1726.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
* [[Jacob Emden]] (1697–1776) was [[Talmud]]ic scholar and leading opponent of the [[Sabbatai Zevi|Sabbatians]]. He is best known as the opponent of Rabbi Jonathan Eybeschutz, whom he accused of being a Sabbatean during [[Jacob Emden#Emden-Eybeschütz controversy|The Emden-Eybeschütz Controversy]].