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=== British crown colony === {{main|Crown Colony of North Borneo}} After the Japanese surrender, North Borneo was administered by the [[British Military Administration (Borneo)|British Military Administration]] and on 15 July 1946 became a [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|British Crown colony]].<ref name="sabah edu"/><ref name="cc">{{cite news |url= http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/95540217 |title=British North Borneo Becomes Crown Colony |page=1 |work=[[Kalgoorlie Miner]] |publisher=[[Trove]] |date=18 July 1946 |access-date=17 May 2016}}</ref> The [[Crown Colony of Labuan]] was integrated into this new colony. During the ceremony, both the [[Union Jack]] and [[Flag of the Republic of China]] were raised from the bullet-ridden Jesselton Survey Hall building.<ref name="cc"/> The Chinese were represented by Philip Lee who had been part of the resistance movement against the Japanese and who eventually supported the transfer of power to the Crown colony.<ref name="cc"/> He said: "Let their blood be the pledge of what we wish to beβ[[George VI|His Majesty]]'s most devoted subjects."<ref name="cc"/> Due to massive destruction in Sandakan during the war, Jesselton was chosen to replace the capital while the Crown continued to rule North Borneo until 1963. The Crown colony government established many departments to oversee the welfare of its residents and to revive the economy of North Borneo after the war.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elibrary.pps-unipasby.ac.id/files/disk1/1/jtppsunipasby--ismailali-4-1-sosiohum-t.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607141206/http://elibrary.pps-unipasby.ac.id/files/disk1/1/jtppsunipasby--ismailali-4-1-sosiohum-t.pdf |archive-date=7 June 2015 |author=Ismail Ali |title=The Role and Contribution of the British Administration and the Capitalist in the North Borneo Fishing Industry, 1945β63 |publisher=Pascasarjana Unipa Surabaya |access-date=22 April 2015 }}</ref> Upon [[History of the Philippines (1946β65)|Philippine independence in 1946]], seven of the British-controlled [[Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi|Turtle Islands]] (including [[Mapun, Tawi-Tawi|Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi]] and [[Mangsee Islands]]) off the north coast of Borneo were ceded to the Philippines as had been negotiated by the American and British colonial governments.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KhpAAAAAIBAJ&pg=5187%2C4623468 |title=Treaty over Turtle Islands |author=Charles P. Williamson |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=30 July 1929 |access-date=17 May 2016| via= Google News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Peter C. Richards |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19471206&id=Sf5UAAAAIBAJ&pg=4610,725646&hl=en |title=New Flag Over Pacific Paradise |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=6 December 1947 |access-date=22 October 2015| via= Google News}}</ref>
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