Editing Saṃsāra (section)

===Differences within the Hindu traditions===
All Hindu traditions share the concept of ''saṃsāra'', but they differ in details and what they describe the state of liberation from ''saṃsāra'' to be.{{Sfn|Jeaneane D. Fowler|1997|pp=10–12, 132–37}} The saṃsāra is viewed as the cycle of rebirth in a temporal world of always changing reality or ''[[Maya (religion)|Maya]]'' (appearance, illusive), Brahman is defined as that which never changes or [[Sat (Sanskrit)|Sat]] (eternal truth, reality), and moksha as the realization of Brahman and freedom from ''saṃsāra''.<ref name=gtumoksha/><ref>H Chaudhuri (1954), The Concept of Brahman in Hindu Philosophy, Philosophy East and West, 4(1), pp. 47–66</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=M. Hiriyanna |title=The Essentials of Indian Philosophy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeRIP-TuKLAC |year=1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1330-4 |pages=24–25, 160–66 }}</ref>

The dualistic devotional traditions such as [[Madhvacharya]]'s [[Dvaita Vedanta]] tradition of Hinduism champion a [[theistic]] premise, assert the individual human Self and Brahman ([[Vishnu]], [[Krishna]]) are two different realities, loving devotion to Vishnu is the means to release from ''saṃsāra'', it is the grace of Vishnu which leads to moksha, and spiritual liberation is achievable only in after-life (''[[videhamukti]]'').{{Sfn|Jeaneane D. Fowler|2002|pp=340–47, 373–75}} The nondualistic traditions such as [[Adi Shankara]]'s [[Advaita Vedanta]] tradition of Hinduism champion a [[monistic]] premise, asserting that the individual Atman and Brahman are identical, and only ignorance, impulsiveness and inertia leads to suffering through ''saṃsāra''. In reality they are no dualities, meditation and self-knowledge is the path to liberation, the realization that one's Ātman is identical to Brahman is ''moksha'', and spiritual liberation is achievable in this life (''[[jivanmukti]]'').<ref name=davidloyp65/>{{Sfn|Jeaneane D. Fowler|2002|pp=238–40, 243–45, 249–50, 261–63, 279–84}}