Editing Rudyard Kipling (section)

===United States===
[[File:Rudyard Kipling in his study at Naulakha Dummerston VT circa 1895.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Kipling in his study at Naulakha, Vermont, US, 1895]]
Kipling and his wife settled upon a honeymoon that took them first to the United States (including a stop at the Balestier family estate near [[Brattleboro, Vermont]]) and then to Japan.<ref name="gilmour" /> On arriving in [[Yokohama]], they discovered that their bank, [[Oriental Bank Corporation|The New Oriental Banking Corporation]], had failed. Taking this loss in their stride, they returned to the U.S., back to Vermont – Carrie by this time was pregnant with their first child – and rented a small cottage on a farm near Brattleboro for $10 a month.<ref name="autobio" /> According to Kipling, "We furnished it with a simplicity that fore-ran the [[hire-purchase]] system. We bought, second or third hand, a huge, hot-air stove which we installed in the cellar. We cut generous holes in our thin floors for its eight-inch [20 cm] tin pipes (why we were not burned in our beds each week of the winter I never can understand) and we were extraordinarily and self-centredly content."<ref name="autobio" />

In this house, which they called ''Bliss Cottage'', their first child, Josephine, was born "in three-foot of snow on the night of 29th December, 1892. Her Mother's birthday being the 31st and mine the 30th of the same month, we congratulated her on her sense of the fitness of things..."<ref name="autobio" />

[[File:Kiplingseastcoast2.JPG|thumb|upright=1.35|''Rudyard Kipling's America 1892–1896, 1899'']]
It was also in this cottage that the first dawnings of ''[[The Jungle Book]]s'' came to Kipling: "The workroom in the Bliss Cottage was seven feet by eight, and from December to April, the snow lay level with its window-sill. It chanced that I had written a tale about Indian Forestry work which included a boy who had been brought up by wolves. In the stillness, and suspense, of the winter of '92 some memory of the [[Freemasonry|Masonic]] Lions of my childhood's magazine, and a phrase in [[Henry Rider Haggard|Haggard's]] ''[[Nada the Lily]]'', combined with the echo of this tale. After blocking out the main idea in my head, the pen took charge, and I watched it begin to write stories about [[Mowgli]] and animals, which later grew into the two ''Jungle Books''."<ref name="autobio" />

With Josephine's arrival, ''Bliss Cottage'' was felt to be congested, so eventually the couple bought land – {{convert|10|acre|ha}} on a rocky hillside overlooking the [[Connecticut River]] – from Carrie's brother Beatty Balestier and built their own house. Kipling named this [[Naulakha (Rudyard Kipling House)|Naulakha]], in honour of Wolcott and of their collaboration, and this time the name was spelt correctly.<ref name="gilmour" /> From his early years in [[Lahore]] (1882–87), Kipling had become enamoured with the [[Mughal architecture]],<ref>Kaplan, Robert D. (1989). [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFD91039F93AA15752C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all "Lahore as Kipling Knew It".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206165705/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFD91039F93AA15752C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |date=6 December 2008 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved 9 March 2008</ref> especially the [[Naulakha pavilion]] situated in [[Lahore Fort]], which eventually inspired the title of his novel as well as the house.<ref>Kipling, Rudyard (1996). ''Writings on Writing''. [[Cambridge University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-521-44527-2}}, pp. 36 and 173.</ref> The house still stands on Kipling Road, {{convert|3|mi|km|spell=in}} north of Brattleboro in [[Dummerston, Vermont]]: a big, secluded, dark-green house, with shingled roof and sides, which Kipling called his "ship", and which brought him "sunshine and a mind at ease".<ref name="gilmour" /> His seclusion in Vermont, combined with his healthy "sane clean life", made Kipling both inventive and prolific.

In a mere four years he produced, along with the ''Jungle Books'', a book of short stories (''[[The Day's Work]]''), a novel (''[[Captains Courageous]]''), and a profusion of poetry, including the volume ''[[The Seven Seas (poetry collection)|The Seven Seas]]''. The collection of ''[[Barrack-Room Ballads]]'' was issued in March 1892, first published individually for the most part in 1890, and contained his poems "[[Mandalay (poem)|Mandalay]]" and "[[Gunga Din]]". He especially enjoyed writing the ''Jungle Books'' and also corresponding with many children who wrote to him about them.<ref name="gilmour" />

====Life in New England====
[[File:Caroline Starr Balestier, Mrs Rudyard Kipling (1862-1939).jpg|thumb|upright|Portrait of Kipling's wife, Caroline Starr Balestier, by his cousin Sir [[Philip Burne-Jones]]]]
The writing life in ''Naulakha'' was occasionally interrupted by visitors, including [[John Lockwood Kipling|his father]], who visited soon after his retirement in 1893,<ref name="gilmour" /> and the British writer [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], who brought his golf clubs, stayed for two days, and gave Kipling an extended golf lesson.<ref name="mallett">Mallet, Phillip (2003). ''Rudyard Kipling: A Literary Life''. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. {{ISBN|0-333-55721-2}}</ref><ref name="ricketts">Ricketts, Harry (1999). ''Rudyard Kipling: A life''. Carroll and Graf Publishers Inc., New York. {{ISBN|0-7867-0711-9}}</ref> Kipling seemed to take to golf, occasionally practising with the local [[Congregational]] minister and even playing with red-painted balls when the ground was covered in snow.<ref name="carrington">[[C. E. Carrington|Carrington, C.E.]] ([http://www.firstworldwar.com/poetsandprose/carrington.htm Charles Edmund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813075823/http://firstworldwar.com/poetsandprose/carrington.htm |date=13 August 2013 }}) (1955). ''Rudyard Kipling: His Life and Work''. Macmillan & Co.</ref><ref name="ricketts" /> However, winter golf was "not altogether a success because there were no limits to a drive; the ball might skid {{convert|2|mi|km|spell=in}} down the long slope to [[Connecticut river]]."<ref name="carrington" />

Kipling loved the outdoors,<ref name="gilmour" /> not least of whose marvels in [[Vermont]] was the turning of the leaves each fall. He described this moment in a letter: "A little [[maple]] began it, flaming blood-red of a sudden where he stood against the dark green of a pine-belt. Next morning there was an answering signal from the swamp where the [[sumac]]s grow. Three days later, the hill-sides as fast as the eye could range were afire, and the roads paved, with crimson and gold. Then a wet wind blew, and ruined all the uniforms of that gorgeous army; and the [[oak]]s, who had held themselves in reserve, buckled on their dull and bronzed [[cuirass]]es and stood it out stiffly to the last blown leaf, till nothing remained but pencil-shadings of bare boughs, and one could see into the most private heart of the woods."<ref>Kipling, Rudyard (1920). ''Letters of Travel (1892–1920)''. Macmillan & Co.</ref>

[[File:Joseph Rudyard Kipling, Vanity Fair, 1894-06-07.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Caricature of Kipling in the London magazine ''[[Vanity Fair (British magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', 7 June 1894]]
In February 1896, [[Elsie Kipling]] was born, the couple's second daughter. By this time, according to several biographers, their marital relationship was no longer light-hearted and spontaneous.<ref name="carrie">[[Nicolson, Adam]] (2001). ''Carrie Kipling 1862–1939: The Hated Wife''. Faber & Faber, London. {{ISBN|0-571-20835-5}}</ref> Although they would always remain loyal to each other, they seemed now to have fallen into set roles.<ref name="gilmour" /> In a letter to a friend who had become engaged around this time, the 30‑year‑old Kipling offered this sombre counsel: marriage principally taught "the tougher virtues – such as humility, restraint, order, and forethought."<ref name="pinney">Pinney, Thomas (editor). ''Letters of Rudyard Kipling, volume 2''. Macmillan & Co.</ref> Later in the same year, he temporarily taught at [[Bishop's College School]] in [[Quebec]], [[Canada]].<ref>Bliss Carman, et al., eds. (1904). ''The World's Best Poetry'', Volume I. "Of Home: of Friendship".</ref>

[[File:Naulakha jsephne loggia.jpg|thumb|upright|The Kiplings' first daughter Josephine, 1895. She died of pneumonia in 1899 aged 7.]]
The Kiplings loved life in Vermont and might have lived out their lives there, were it not for two incidents – one of global politics, the other of family discord. By the early 1890s, the United Kingdom and [[Venezuela]] were in a border dispute involving [[British Guiana]]. The U.S. had made several offers to arbitrate, but in 1895, the new American Secretary of State [[Richard Olney]] upped the ante by arguing for the American "right" to arbitrate on grounds of sovereignty on the continent (see the [[Olney interpretation]] as an extension of the [[Monroe Doctrine]]).<ref name="gilmour" /> This raised hackles in Britain, and the situation grew into a major [[United Kingdom–United States relations#Venezuelan and Alaska border disputes|Anglo-American crisis]], with talk of war on both sides.

Although the crisis eased into greater United States–British co-operation, Kipling was bewildered by what he felt was persistent anti-British sentiment in the U.S., especially in the press.<ref name="gilmour" /> He wrote in a letter that it felt like being "aimed at with a decanter across a friendly dinner table."<ref name="pinney" /> By January 1896, he had decided<ref name="carrington" /> to end his family's "good wholesome life" in the U.S. and seek their fortunes elsewhere.

A family dispute became the final straw. For some time, relations between Carrie and her brother Beatty Balestier had been strained, owing to his drinking and insolvency. In May 1896, an inebriated Beatty encountered Kipling on the street and threatened him with physical harm.<ref name="gilmour" /> The incident led to Beatty's eventual arrest, but in the subsequent hearing and the resulting publicity, Kipling's privacy was destroyed, and he was left feeling miserable and exhausted. In July 1896, a week before the hearing was to resume, the Kiplings packed their belongings, left the United States and returned to England.<ref name="carrington" />