Editing Roman Breviary (section)

===Later modern reforms===
During the pontificate of [[Pius IX]], a strong Ultramontane movement arose against the French breviaries of 1680 and 1736. This was inaugurated by [[Charles Forbes René de Montalembert|Montalembert]], but its literary advocates were chiefly [[Prosper Guéranger]], abbot of the Benedictine monastery [[Solesmes, Sarthe|Solesmes]], and [[Louis Veuillot]] (1813–1883) of the ''Univers''. The movement succeeded in suppressing the breviaries, the last diocese to surrender being Orleans in 1875. The Jansenist and Gallican influence was also strongly felt in Italy and in Germany, where breviaries based on the French models were published at Cologne, Münster, Mainz and other towns. Meanwhile, under the direction of Benedict XIV (pope 1740–1758), a special congregation collected much material for an official revision, but nothing was published. In 1902, under Leo XIII, a commission under the presidency of [[Louis Duchesne]] was appointed to consider the breviary, the missal, the [[Roman Pontifical]] and the [[Roman Ritual]].<ref name=EB1911/>

Significant changes came in 1910 with the [[reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X]]. This revision modified the traditional psalm scheme so that, while all 150 psalms were used in the course of the week, these were said without repetition. Those assigned to the Sunday office underwent the least revision, although noticeably fewer psalms are recited at Matins, and both Lauds and Compline are slightly shorter due to psalms (or in the case of Compline the first few verses of a psalm) being removed. Pius X was probably influenced by earlier attempts to eliminate repetition in the psalter, most notably the liturgy of the Benedictine congregation of St. Maur. However, since Cardinal Quignonez's attempt to reform the Breviary employed this principle—albeit with no regard to the traditional scheme—such notions had floated around in the western Church, and can particularly be seen in the Paris Breviary.

[[Pope Pius XII]] introduced optional use of a new translation of the Psalms from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] to a more classical [[Latin]]. Most breviaries published in the late 1950s and early 1960s used this "Pian Psalter".

[[Pope John XXIII]] also revised the Breviary in 1960, introducing changes drawn up by his predecessor Pope Pius XII. The most notable alteration is the shortening of most feasts from nine to three lessons at Matins, keeping only the Scripture readings (the former lesson i, then lessons ii and iii together), followed by either the first part of the patristic reading (lesson vii) or, for most feasts, a condensed version of the former second Nocturn, which was formerly used when a feast was reduced in rank and commemorated.