Editing Robert Bellarmine (section)

===Dogmatics===
{{main|Disputationes de Controversiis}}
From his research grew ''Disputationes de controversiis christianae fidei'' (also called ''Controversiae''), first published at [[Ingolstadt]] in 1581&ndash;1593. This major work was the earliest attempt to systematize the various religious disputes between Catholics and Protestants. Bellarmine reviewed the issues<ref name="rice">{{Cite web|url=http://galileo.rice.edu/chr/bellarmine.html|title=The Galileo Project {{!}} Christianity {{!}} Robert Cardinal Bellarmine|website=galileo.rice.edu|access-date=23 June 2017|archive-date=7 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107211216/http://galileo.rice.edu/chr/bellarmine.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and devoted eleven years to it while at the Roman College. In August 1590, [[Pope Sixtus V]] decided to place the first volume of the ''Disputationes'' on the [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum|Index]] because Bellarmine argued in it that the Pope is not the temporal ruler of the whole world and that temporal rulers do not derive their authority to rule from God but from the [[consent of the governed]]. However, Sixtus died before the revised Index was published, and the next Pope, [[Pope Urban VII|Urban VII]], removed the book from the Index during his brief twelve-day reign.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blackwell|first=Richard J.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1gFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT123|title=Galileo, Bellarmine, and the Bible|date=31 January 1991|publisher=University of Notre Dame Press|isbn=978-0-268-15893-4|page=30|language=en|chapter=Chapter 2: Bellarmine's Views Before the Galileo Affair|doi=10.2307/j.ctvpg847x|quote=Bellarmine himself was not a stranger to theological condemnation. In August 1590 Pope Sixtus V decided to place the first volume of the ''Controversies'' on the ''Index'' because Bellarmine had argued that the pope is not the temporal ruler of the whole world and that temporal rulers do not derive their authority to rule from God through the pope but through the consent of the people governed. However Sixtus died before the revised ''Index'' was published, and the next pope, Urban VII, who reigned for only twelve days before his own death, removed Bellarmine’s book from the list during that brief period. The times were precarious.|access-date=4 September 2020|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220051915/https://books.google.com/books?id=v1gFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT123|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Dottrina cristiana tradotta in lingua arabica.tif|thumb|Page of the short catechism of Bellarmine: ''Dottrina cristiana breve'', 1752]]

In 1597–98, he published a ''[[Catechism]]'' in two versions ({{Interlanguage link|A Short Christian Doctrine|lt=short|it|Dottrina cristiana breve|qid=}} and {{Interlanguage link|An Ample Declaration of the Christian Doctrine|lt=full|it|Dichiarazione più copiosa della dottrina cristiana|qid=}}) which has been translated into 60 languages and was the official teaching of the [[Catholic Church]] for centuries.<ref>Introduction by Bishop Athanasius Schneider to {{Cite book|title=Doctrina Christiana: The Timeless Catechism of St. Robert Bellarmine|author-last=Bellarmine|author-first=St. Robert|translator-last=Grant|translator-first=Ryan|publisher=Mediatrix Press|year=2016|pages=xiv-xv}}</ref>