Editing Richmond, Virginia (section)

===20th century===
[[File:14th Street Bridge, Richmond, ca 1917.jpg|right|thumb|By the early 20th century Richmond had an extensive network of electric streetcars, as shown here crossing the Mayo Bridge across the James River, c. 1917.]]
By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in {{cvt|5|sqmi|km2}}, making it the most densely populated city in the [[Southern United States]].<ref name="GibsonC">Gibson, Campbell. "[https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070707153942/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html Archived copy] at [[WebCite]] (July 10, 2007).." ''[[United States Census Bureau]]'', June 1998. Retrieved on July 11, 2007.</ref> In the 1900 Census, Richmond's population was 62.1% white and 37.9% black.<ref name="census1">{{cite web |title=Virginia – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic [[Jackson Ward]] became known as the "Wall Street of Black America." In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier [[Maggie L. Walker]] chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, served as its president, and was the first black female bank president in the United States.<ref name="MaggieWalker" /> [[Charles Thaddeus Russell]] was Richmond's first black architect, and he designed the bank's office.<ref name="Harry">{{cite news |last1=Kollatz |first1=Harry Jr. |title=Russell House Revival |url=https://richmondmagazine.com/home/special-addresses/russell-house-revival/ |access-date=January 6, 2022 |publisher=Richmond Magazine |date=December 5, 2016 |archive-date=January 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106001351/https://richmondmagazine.com/home/special-addresses/russell-house-revival/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company and is the country's oldest surviving African-American bank.<ref name="MaggieWalker">Felder, Deborah G. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=7mc8QsyUMjAC&dq=St.+Luke+Penny+Savings+Bank&pg=PA338 ''A Century of Women: The Most Influential Events in Twentieth-Century Women's History''] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115235241/https://books.google.com/books?id=7mc8QsyUMjAC&pg=PA338&ots=uUWVqtyekp&dq=St.+Luke+Penny+Savings+Bank&sig=ljb5MGtQkyZe-cTAZotNC1un10U |date=January 15, 2016 }}, 1999, Citadel Press, p. 338. {{ISBN|978-1-55972-485-2}}</ref> Another prominent African-American from this time was [[John Mitchell Jr.]], a newspaper editor, civil rights activist, and politician.

In 1910, the former city of [[Manchester, Virginia|Manchester]] consolidated with Richmond, and in 1914 the city annexed Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park in [[Henrico County, Virginia|Henrico County]].<ref name="manchester">Chesson, Michael B. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=PFElAAAAMAAJ&q=manchester+richmond+1910 Richmond After the War, 1865 to 1890] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115185046/https://books.google.com/books?id=PFElAAAAMAAJ&q=manchester+richmond+1910&dq=manchester+richmond+1910&pgis=1 |date=January 15, 2016 }}." Published 1981, Virginia State Library, p. 177.</ref> In May 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the [[Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond|Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank]].

Several major performing arts venues were constructed during the 1920s, including what are now the Landmark Theatre, Byrd Theatre, and Carpenter Theatre. The city's first radio station, [[WRVA (AM)|WRVA]], began broadcasting in 1925. [[WTVR-TV]] (CBS 6), Richmond's first television station, was also the first TV station south of Washington, D.C.<ref name="WRVA">Tyler-McGraw, Marie. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=ViOxxN4lHTkC&dq=WRVA+1925&pg=PA257 At the Falls: Richmond, Virginia, and Its People] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115173209/https://books.google.com/books?id=ViOxxN4lHTkC&pg=PA257&dq=WRVA+1925&sig=SUIk7fLPtPdoqcmjrF63nuajH1M |date=January 15, 2016 }}." Published 1994, UNC Press, p. 257. {{ISBN|978-0-8078-4476-2}}</ref>

[[File:Statue of Thomas J. Jackson - Capitol Square - Virginia State House - Richmond - Virginia - USA (46876104255).jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Stonewall Jackson]] in front of the Richmond's Old City Hall]]
Between 1963 and 1965, there was a "downtown boom" that led to the construction of more than 700 buildings. In 1968, [[Virginia Commonwealth University]] was created by the merger of the [[Medical College of Virginia]] and the [[Richmond Professional Institute]].<ref name="vcu">"[http://www.vcu.edu/about/ About VCU] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704044449/http://www.vcu.edu/about/ |date=July 4, 2007 }}." ''[[Virginia Commonwealth University]].'' Retrieved on July 11, 2007.</ref>

On January 1, 1970, Richmond's borders expanded south by {{cvt|27|sqmi|km2}} and its population increased by 47,000 after several years of court cases in which [[Chesterfield County, Virginia|Chesterfield County]] unsuccessfully fought annexation.<ref name="RichmondvUS">"[http://supreme.justia.com/us/422/358/ City of Richmond v. United States, 422 U.S. 358] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017054414/http://supreme.justia.com/us/422/358/ |date=October 17, 2007 }}." '''1975.''' ''[[United States Supreme Court]].'' Retrieved on July 11, 2007.</ref>

In 1995, a multimillion-dollar [[flood wall]] was completed, protecting the city's low-lying areas from the oft-rising James River. Consequently, the River District businesses grew rapidly, bolstered by the creation of a Canal Walk along the city's former industrial canals.<ref name="floodwall">"{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070703013138/http://www.richmondriverdistrict.com/main.cfm?action=history River District History]}}." ''{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050127204802/http://richmondriverdistrict.com/ Richmond River District]}}.'' Retrieved on July 11, 2007.</ref><ref name="canal_walk">"[https://archive.today/20090804050555/http://www2.richmond.com/content/2009/jul/31/canal-walk/ The Canal Walk]." ''[http://www.richmond.com/ Richmond.com].'' July 31, 2009. Retrieved on January 20, 2010.{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Today the area is home to much of Richmond's entertainment, dining, and nightlife activity.

In 1996, racial tensions grew amid controversy about adding the statue of African American Richmond native and tennis star [[Arthur Ashe]] to the series of statues of Confederate figures on [[Monument Avenue]].<ref name="arthurashe">Edds, Margaret; Little, Robert. "Why Richmond voted to Honor Arthur Ashe on Monument Avenue. The Final, Compelling Argument for Supporters: A Street Reserved for Confederate Generals had no Place in this City." ''[[The Virginian-Pilot]].'' July 19, 1995.</ref> After several months of controversy, Ashe's bronze statue was finally completed on July 10, 1996.<ref name="arthurashe2">Staff Writer. "[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/05/us/arthur-ashe-statue-set-up-in-richmond-at-last.html Arthur Ashe Statue Set Up in Richmond at Last] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330211918/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/05/us/arthur-ashe-statue-set-up-in-richmond-at-last.html |date=March 30, 2017 }}." ''[[New York Times]].'' July 5, 1996. Retrieved on January 20, 2010.</ref>