Editing Remembrance Day (section)

===Canada===
[[File:Lest we forget.jpg|thumb|A remembrance poppy distributed by the [[Royal Canadian Legion]] worn on a lapel]]

[[Veterans Affairs Canada]] states that Remembrance Day ({{lang|fr|Jour du Souvenir}}) is intended for "remembrance for the men and women who have served, and continue to serve our country during times of war, conflict and peace"; particularly the First and Second World Wars, the [[Korean War]], and all conflicts since then in which members of the [[Canadian Armed Forces]] have participated.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/a-day-of-remembrance/r_intro| last=Veterans Affairs Canada| author-link=Veterans Affairs Canada| title=Remembrance – History – A Day of Remembrance – Introduction| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| date=23 October 2014| access-date=13 October 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014062455/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/a-day-of-remembrance/r_intro| archive-date=14 October 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref> The department runs a program called Canada Remembers, with the mission of helping young and new Canadians, most of whom have never known war, "come to understand and appreciate what those who have served Canada in times of war, armed conflict, and peace stand for and what they have sacrificed for their country."<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/canrem| last=Veterans Affairs Canada| author-link=Veterans Affairs Canada| title=Canada Remembers > About Canada Remembers| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=11 November 2011| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119065820/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/canrem| archive-date=19 January 2012| df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Remembrance Day is a [[Public holidays in Canada#Federal statutory holidays, also observed in some provinces|statutory holiday for federally regulated employees]] and a provincial and territorial statutory holiday in six of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|10 provinces and all three territories]]. [[Nova Scotia]] recognizes the day under separate legislation.<ref>{{Cite canlaw|short title  =Remembrance Day Act|abbr =R.S.N.S.|year =1989|chapter =396|link=https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/remembrance%20day.pdf}}</ref> [[Manitoba]], [[Ontario]], and [[Quebec]] are the only three provinces where the day is not a statutory holiday.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.ns.ca/lae/employmentrights/remembrance.asp| last=Ministry of Labour and Advanced Education| title=Remembrance Day Holiday in Nova Scotia| publisher=Queen's Printer for Nova Scotia| access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.statutoryholidays.com/ontario.php| title=Statutory holidays in Ontario| publisher=Statutory Holidays Canada| access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/standards/doc,remembrance-day,factsheet.html| last=Office of Employment Standards| title=Remembrance Day in Manitoba| publisher=Queen's Printer for Manitoba| access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.statutoryholidays.com/index.php| title=Public Holidays in Canada| publisher=Statutory Holidays Canada| access-date=11 November 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110110358/http://www.statutoryholidays.com/index.php| archive-date=10 November 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Royal Canadian Legion]] is officially against making the day a national statutory holiday, in part because its leadership believes the time free from work or school would eventually overtake the memorial purpose of the occasion, whereas, having schools in regular session on that day would be an opportunity for children to be taught the day's true significance in a mandatory fashion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Remembrance Day should be a national holiday |url=https://www.macleans.ca/opinion/why-remembrance-day-should-be-a-national-holiday/ |access-date=12 November 2020 |publisher=Maclean's |date=5 November 2019}}</ref> In a more informal manner, there has been opinion voiced against the trend of [[Christmas creep]], so that the conclusion of Remembrance Day should be the earliest acceptable time in which to mark the beginning of the Christmas holidays.<ref>{{cite news |title='Christmas creep': Is it too soon for holiday decorations? |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/christmas-creep-is-it-too-soon-for-holiday-decorations-1.2087505 |access-date=1 November 2019 |agency=CTV News |date=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Mark |title=Poppy dresses fight Christmas creep, honour Remembrance Day |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/stjohns-stores-make-poppy-dresses-whink-bridal-boutique-honour-veterans-1.3843939 |access-date=1 November 2019 |agency=CBC News |date=10 November 2016}}</ref>

====History in Canada====
Canadians began to commemorate their veterans and war dead as early as 1890, when [[Decoration Day (Canada)|Decoration Day]] began to be observed on 2 June, the anniversary of the [[Battle of Ridgeway]] against the [[Fenian]]s in 1866.<ref name=RemDayCE/><ref name=vr>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/canadas-forgotten-first-remembrance-day/article5176843/| last=Vronsky| first=Peter| title=Canada's forgotten first remembrance day| date=10 November 2012| newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref> A further observance was, from 1900 to 1918, held on 27 February to mark the Canadian victory over the [[Boer]]s at the [[Battle of Paardeberg]].<ref name=RemDayCE/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/canadas-first-remembrance-day/article21525359/| last=Martin| first=Lawrence| title=Canada's first remembrance day| date=11 November 2014| newspaper=The Globe and Mail}}</ref>
[[File:WLMK laying wreath.jpg|thumb|[[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] lays a wreath at the future location of the [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]] in [[Ottawa]], 1937]]

The first Armistice Day commemoration was in 1919, when King [[George V]] called on all countries in the [[British Empire]] to observe it.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/5-things/flashback-friday-king-george-lays-foundation-for-remembrance-day-1.2640451| author=<!--not stated-->| title=King George lays foundation for Remembrance Day| date=6 November 2015| publisher=[[CTV News]]}}</ref> It was later placed on a statutory footing in 1921, after the [[Parliament of Canada]] provided that [[Thanksgiving (Canada)|Thanksgiving]] and Armistice Day would both be held on the Monday of the week in which 11 November fell.<ref>{{Cite canlaw| link=https://archive.org/details/actsofparl1921v01cana/page/50/mode/2up?view=theater| short title=Armistice Day Act| abbr=S.C.| year=1921| chapter=16}}</ref> [[Charles Dickie]], the Conservative Member of Parliament for [[Nanaimo (electoral district)|Nanaimo]], campaigned to change the name from Armistice Day to Remembrance Day,<ref name=RemDayCE>{{Cite web| url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/remembrance-day| title=Remembrance Day in Canada| publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref> which was approved in 1931, when Parliament accordingly amended the act, with its observance fixed on 11 November.<ref>{{Cite canlaw| short title=An Act to amend the Armistice Day Act| abbr =S.C.| year=1931| chapter=4| link=https://archive.org/details/actsofparl1931v01cana/page/24/mode/2up}}</ref>

Several other days of remembrance for veterans were also created, including the [[National Aboriginal Veterans Day]], inaugurated in 1994 to recognise the contribution of [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|Aboriginal]] soldiers.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/indigenous-canadians-remember-ancestors-who-fought-died-in-war/article32725644/| last=Berthiaume| first=Lee| title=Indigenous Canadians remember ancestors who fought, died in war| date=8 November 2016| newspaper=The Globe & Mail}}</ref> In 2001, Merchant Navy Remembrance Day was created by the Canadian Parliament, designating 3 September as a day to recognise the contributions and sacrifice of [[Canadian merchant mariners]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mastermariners-capital.ca/resolutions.htm| title=R-03-2001: A Resolution to designate the 3rd of September each year as "Merchant Navy Day"| publisher=Company of Master Mariners of Canada| accessdate=7 August 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414112616/http://www.mastermariners-capital.ca/resolutions.htm|archive-date=14 April 2009}}</ref>

====Ceremonies====
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The national ceremonies organized by the federal government is held at the [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]] in Ottawa. These are presided over by the [[governor general of Canada]] (who acts as [[Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces|commander-in-chief]] in [[Monarchy of Canada|the monarch]]'s name) and attended by the [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]], other dignitaries, the [[Silver Cross Mother|Silver Cross mother]], and public observers. Occasionally, a member of the [[Monarchy of Canada#Royal family and house|Canadian royal family]] may also be present (such as [[Charles III|Prince Charles]] in 2009<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1294862464851/1294862464853 | title=Government of Canada Announces the Itinerary for the 2009 Visit of The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall | date=30 October 2009 | access-date=11 November 2011 | archive-date=30 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430092210/http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1294862464851/1294862464853 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]] in 2014<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2014/11/11/canada_remembers_national_war_memorial_rededicated.html| author=The Canadian Press| title=Canada remembers: Governor General rededicates National War Memorial| date=11 November 2014| newspaper=Toronto Star| access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref>).

English and French languages were used throughout the ceremony because Ottawa is officially bilingual, and the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area is a mix of anglophones and francophones.

Before the start of the event, four sentries and three sentinels (two flag sentinels and one nursing sister) are posted at the foot of the cenotaph. The commemoration then typically begins with the tolling of the [[carillon]] in the [[Peace Tower]], during which current members of the Armed Forces arrive at [[Confederation Square]], followed by the Ottawa [[diplomatic corps]], [[ministers of the Crown]], special guests, the RCL, the royal party (if present), and the viceregal party. The arrival of the governor general is announced by a trumpeter sounding the "Alert", whereupon the viceroy is met by the dominion president of the RCL and escorted to a dais to receive the "[[Vice Regal Salute]]", after which the [[national anthem]], "[[O Canada]]", is played and sung in English and French by the Ottawa Children's Choir, accompanied by the Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces

[[File:Remembrance Day Trumpeter Ottawa 2010.jpg|thumb|The moment of silence in Canada is preceded by the bugling of "[[Last Post]]" immediately before 11&nbsp;am]]

The moment of remembrance begins with the bugling of "Last Post", immediately before 11:00 am, when the [[21-gun salute#Canada|21-gun salute]] fires and the bells of the Peace Tower toll the hour. Two minutes pass between the first and second volleys of the gun salute to maintain silence for that period, as instituted across the Commonwealth by King George V.<ref>{{citation| url=http://crht.ca/royal-birthday-salute/| last=Toporoski| first=Richard| title=Royal Birthday Salute| publisher=Canadian Royal Heritage Trust| accessdate=18 May 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515074921/http://crht.ca/royal-birthday-salute/|archive-date=15 May 2015| url-status=dead}}</ref> The cessation of the two minutes of silence is cued by the playing of a [[lament]], the bugling of "The Rouse", and the reading of the ''[[Act of Remembrance]]''. A [[flypast]] of [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] craft then occurs, upon the completion of which a choir sings "[[In Flanders Fields]]".<ref name=can>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/remembranceday/we-remember-canadians-mark-remembrance-day-at-ottawa-ceremony-1.2652974 |title='We remember': Canadians mark Remembrance Day at Ottawa ceremony |publisher=CTV News |date=11 November 2015 |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Remembrance Day 2017 in Ottawa Canada 47.jpg|thumb|Remembrance poppies atop the [[Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]]]]

The various parties then lay their wreaths at the base of the memorial. By tradition, the Governor General always lays the first wreath followed by the Silver Cross mother (a recent recipient of the [[Memorial Cross]]) on behalf of all mothers whose children died in conflicts in which Canada participated. The viceregal and royal group return to the dais to receive the playing of the Canadian royal anthem, "[[God Save the King]]", sung in French and English, prior to the assembled armed forces personnel and veterans performing a [[march past]] in front of the viceroy and any royal guest, bringing about the end of the official ceremonies.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.legion.ca/asp/docs/feature/RemDay_e.asp| title=National Remembrance Day Ceremony 2007| publisher=Royal Canadian Legion| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080525114057/http://www.legion.ca/asp/docs/feature/RemDay_e.asp| archive-date=25 May 2008|access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref> A tradition of paying a more personal tribute has emerged since the [[Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier|Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]] was installed at the [[Canadian National War Memorial]] in 2000: after the official ceremony, the general public place their poppies atop the tomb.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/known-unto-god-the-story-of-canadas-unknown-soldier |title=Known unto God: How Canadians embraced their Unknown Soldier |publisher=Ottawa Citizen |date=10 November 2018 |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

Similar ceremonies take place in provincial capitals across the country, officiated by the relevant [[Lieutenant Governor (Canada)|lieutenant governor]], as well as in other cities, towns, and even hotels or corporate headquarters. Schools will usually hold special assemblies for the first half of the day or on the school day prior, with various presentations concerning the remembrance of the war dead. The ceremony participants include veterans, current members of the Canadian forces, and sea, army, and air cadet units.<ref name=can/>