Editing Religious music (section)

== Islamic music ==

{{main|Islamic music}}
Islamic music comes in many forms. Each form is used for different purposes as one may be for prayers and complete focus towards Allah (God) and while the other is entertainment, however still including that religious aspect.

=== Prayer ===
[[Salah|Islamic prayer]] is a type of religious music that [[Muslims]] use when they pray and worship [[Allah]]. These prayers (in [[Arabic]], prayer is ''[[Salah]])'' that occur five times a day. These prayers are conducted by facing [[Mecca]] while standing, having both knees to the ground, and bowing. During prayer, recitations are usually of the Islamic holy book: the [[Quran]].<ref name=":02"/> Throughout the day, in Mecca, these prayers connect the Muslim people through a series of melodic prayers that are often amplified throughout the city. In Islam, the implication of prayer, and in this case the ''Salah'', is for ritual since it is believed to be the direct word of [[God in Islam|God]] that shall be performed as a collective, as well as individually.<ref name=":02" />

=== Sufi Music ===
[[Sufism]], Islam's mystical dimension, advocates peace, tolerance, and pluralism, as well as music as a means of improving one's relationship with God. Sufi music aims to bring listeners closer to God. The deep urge to dissolve the physical realm and transcend into the spiritual universe, which occurs through the practice of listening to music, chanting, and whirling, and culminating in spiritual ecstasy, lies at the heart of Sufi lyrics.<ref name="Sufi music: The song of the soul">{{Cite news |title=Sufi music: The song of the soul |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/sufi-music-the-song-of-the-soul/articleshow/7840662.cms |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2022-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509171041/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/sufi-music-the-song-of-the-soul/articleshow/7840662.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Because music is viewed as a tool for the believer to grow closer to the holy, sound and music are important to the basic experience of Sufism. Sufi music is therefore music created by and for the soul.<ref name="Sufi music: The song of the soul"/>

=== Naat ===
The other form of Islamic music is [[Naʽat|Naat]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mehmood |first=Dr Tariq Mehmood Hashmi Tariq |date=2019-12-30 |title=اردو نعت کا تعظیمی بیانیہ |url=http://tasdeeq.riphahfsd.edu.pk/index.php/tasdeeq/article/view/12 |journal=Tasdiqتصدیق۔ |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |issn=2707-6229 |access-date=2021-10-11 |archive-date=2021-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011104619/http://tasdeeq.riphahfsd.edu.pk/index.php/tasdeeq/article/view/12 |url-status=live }}</ref> The word Naat has Arabic origins and translates to ''praise''. A poem that praises the Islamic Prophet [[Muhammad]] is referred to as Naat (نعت) in [[Urdu]]. First naat dates back to the era of Muhammad and was written in [[Arabic]]. It later spread throughout the world and reached various literatures including [[Urdu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Pashto]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Saraiki language|Seraiki]] and more. Naat-Khuwan or Sana-Khuwan are known as those who recite Naat.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=colors |first1=Birthday of Prophet to be celebrated with |last2=Travel |first2=clothes in Pakistan {{!}} Pakistan |last3=Articlessays |first3=Culture |date=2010-02-21 |title=Naat a tradition of praise of prophet and an Art of melody |url=https://blog.travel-culture.com/2010/02/22/naat-a-tradition-of-praise-of-prophet-and-an-art-of-melody/ |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=Pakistan Travel & Culture |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201111558/http://blog.travel-culture.com/2010/02/22/naat-a-tradition-of-praise-of-prophet-and-an-art-of-melody/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Instruments ===

* [[String instrument|Chordophones]], or stringed instruments
* ''Zornā'' and ''gayta'' as aerophones, or wind instruments
* ''Būq'', or horn
* ''[[Nafir (trumpet)|Nafīr]]'', or long trumpet
* Idiophones, membranophones, tambourines, or frame drums

=== Melodic Organization ===
Islamic music is monophonic, meaning it has only one melody line. Everything in performance is based on the refinement of the melodic line and the complexity of the beat. Although a simple arrangement of notes, octaves, fifths, and fourths, usually below the melody notes, may be used as ornamentation, the concept of [[harmony]] is absent.<ref name=":5"/> Microtonality and the variety of intervals used are two components that contribute to the melody's enrichment. As a result, the three-quarter tone, which was first used in Islamic music in the ninth or tenth centuries, coexists with bigger and smaller intervals. Musicians have a keen sensitivity to [[Pitch (music)|pitch]] variations, often altering even the perfect consonances, the fourth and fifth, somewhat.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Islamic arts – Music {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-arts/Music |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712041949/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-arts/Music |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== History of Islamic prayer ===
Riccold De Monte, a famous travel writer, stated in the year 1228, "What shall I say of their prayer? For they pray with such concentration and devotion that I was astonished when I was able to see it personally and observe it with my own eyes."<ref name=":02" /> The origin of the art of prayer in all [[Abrahamic religions]] is to glorify God and the same goes for [[Islam]]. The ''Al Salat'' is the most widely used word to mean institutionalized prayer and is one of the oldest forms of prayer in Islam.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khalee |first=Mohammed |date=1999 |title=The Foundation of Muslim Prayer |journal=Medieval Encounters |volume=5}}</ref> Islamic prayer, traditions, and ideals had influence from these Abrahamic religions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hienz |first=Justin |date=August 2008 |title=SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURY RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES ON THE SALĀT RITUAL |journal=The Origins of Muslims Prayer}}</ref> The time of origination of Salah came from [[Muhammad]] in a cave as he began to worship Allah (God). It is believed that through this act of worship Mohammad interacted with the Abrahamic prophet [[Moses]].<ref name=":02" /> Now these "prayers" come in the form of recitations of the [[Quran]] and poems written by prophets of the faith.

=== Spread of Islamic prayer ===
Besides the spread of Islam through Arabia by prophets, it spread through trade routes like the Silk Road and through conflicts of war. Through the [[Silk Road]] traders and members of the early [[Muslims|Muslim]] faith were able to go to countries such as China and create mosques around 627 C. E.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=waheed |title=Islam Enters the Far East – The Religion of Islam |url=https://www.islamreligion.com/articles/11321/islam-enters-far-east/ |access-date=2018-10-16 |website=www.islamreligion.com |language=en |archive-date=2018-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027101252/https://www.islamreligion.com/articles/11321/islam-enters-far-east/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As men from the Middle East went to China they would marry these Asian women, which led to a spreading of the faith and traditions of Islam in multiplicities.<ref name=":12" /> [[Crusades|The Crusades]] in the 9th and 10th centuries encouraged the spread of Islam through the invasions of Latin Christian soldiers and Muslim soldiers into each other's lands. The whole conflict began on the premises of a [[Holy Land]] and which group of people owned these lands that led to these foes invading their respective lands.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Muslims See the Crusades So Differently from Christians |language=en |work=HISTORY |url=https://www.history.com/news/why-muslims-see-the-crusades-so-differently-from-christians |access-date=2018-10-16 |archive-date=2018-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027143034/https://www.history.com/news/why-muslims-see-the-crusades-so-differently-from-christians |url-status=live }}</ref> As the religion itself spread so did its implications of ritual, such as prayer.

=== Relation of Islamic Music to Other Cultures ===
Both musical theory and practice illustrate the relationship between Islamic and [[Western music (North America)|Western music]]. Many [[Greeks|Greek]] treatises had been translated into Arabic by the 9th century. Greek musical texts were maintained in [[Arab culture|Arabic culture]], and the majority of those that reached the West did so in their Arabic translations. Arab philosophers adopted Greek models and often improved on them.<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web |title=Islamic arts – Musical forms {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-arts/Musical-forms |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525225132/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-arts/Musical-forms |url-status=live }}</ref> The Muslim conquest of Spain and [[Portugal]], as well as the [[Crusades]] to the Middle East, introduced Europeans to Arabic theoretical works and thriving Islamic art music. Moreover, [[Arabs|Arab]] invaders entered India as early as 711 AD, while [[Mongols|Mongol]] and Turkmen forces eventually invaded the Middle East, bringing [[Islam]]ic and Far Eastern music together. There are parallels between [[India]]'s and the Middle East's modal systems, as well as some [[Cosmology|cosmological]] and ethical ideas of music.<ref name="britannica.com"/>