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===20th century releases=== ;1976 release in [[Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge]] :In December 1976, two wolves were released onto Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge's Bulls Island in South Carolina with the intent of testing and honing reintroduction methods. They were not released with the intent of beginning a permanent population on the island.<ref name="ref35">{{cite conference |author=Carley, Curtis J. |title=Report on the Successful Translocation Experiment of Red Wolves (''Canis rufus'') to Bulls Island, S.C. |conference=Portland Wolf Symposium |place=Lewis and Clark College, Portland, Oregon |date=August 13–17, 1979}}</ref> The first experimental translocation lasted for 11 days, during which a mated pair of red wolves was monitored day and night with remote telemetry. A second experimental translocation was tried in 1978 with a different mated pair, and they were allowed to remain on the island for close to nine months.<ref name="ref35" /> After that, a larger project was executed in 1987 to reintroduce a permanent population of red wolves back to the wild in the [[Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge]] (ARNWR) on the eastern coast of [[North Carolina]]. Also in 1987, Bulls Island became the first island breeding site. Pups were raised on the island and relocated to North Carolina until 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/caperomain/redwolf.html |publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |website=Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge |title=Red Wolf |access-date=2010-03-03 |archive-date=2012-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104043938/http://www.fws.gov/caperomain/redwolf.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ;1986 release in Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge :In September 1987, four male-female pairs of red wolves were released in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, in northeastern North Carolina, and designated as an experimental population. Since then, the experimental population has grown and the recovery area expanded to include four national wildlife refuges, a Department of Defense bombing range, state-owned lands, and private lands, encompassing about {{convert|1700000|acre|km2}}.<ref name="ref20">{{cite report |publisher=USFWS |title=Red Wolf Recovery Program, 1st Quarter Report |date=October–December 2010 |place=Manteco, NC}}</ref> ;1989 release on Horn Island, Mississippi :In 1989, the second island propagation project was initiated with release of a population on [[Horn Island (Mississippi)|Horn Island]] off the Mississippi coast. This population was removed in 1998 because of a likelihood of encounters with humans. The third island propagation project introduced a population on [[St. Vincent Island, Florida]], offshore between [[Cape San Blas]] and [[Apalachicola, Florida]], in 1990, and in 1997, the fourth island propagation program introduced a population to [[Cape St. George Island]], Florida, south of Apalachicola. ;1991 release in the Great Smoky Mountains :In 1991, two pairs were reintroduced into the [[Great Smoky Mountains National Park]], where the last known red wolf was killed in 1905. Despite some early success, the wolves were relocated to eastern North Carolina in 1998, ending the effort to reintroduce the species to the park.
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