Editing Recreational drug use (section)

==Demographics==
{{Main|Drug education|Drug liberalization|Drug rehabilitation|War on Drugs}}
{{Further|Illegal drug trade|Opioid epidemic|Prohibition of drugs|Temperance movement}}
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Male Smoking by Country.png
| caption1          = [[Prevalence of tobacco use|Smoking any tobacco product]], %, males<ref name=WHOreport>{{cite book |title=WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008: the MPOWER Package. |date=2008 |publisher=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |isbn=9789241596282 | url = https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43818/9789241596282_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y }}</ref>
| image2            = Female Smoking by Country.png
| caption2          = [[Prevalence of tobacco use|Smoking any tobacco product]], %, females<ref name=WHOreport />
}}
[[File:Alcohol by Country.png|thumb|300px|Total recorded [[countries by alcohol consumption|alcohol per capita consumption]] (15+), in liters of pure alcohol<ref>{{cite book |title=Global status report on alcohol | edition = 2nd |date=2004 |publisher=World Health Organization, Dept. of Mental Health and Substance Abuse |location=Geneva |isbn=9241562722 | url = https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42971/9241562722_%28425KB%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y }}</ref>]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:UNOCD Global Map of Cannabis Consumption 2011.gif|thumb|300px|Total annual cannabis consumption prevalence (15+)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.unodc.org/documents/frontpage/UNODC_Annual_Report_2010_LowRes.pdf | title = UNOCD Annual Report | date = 2010 }}</ref>]] -->

===Australia===
{{Main|Illicit drug use in Australia}}
{{Further|Alcoholism in rural Australia|Illegal drug trade in Australia}}

Alcohol is the most widely used recreational drug in [[Australia]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/illicit-use-of-drugs/2016-ndshs-detailed/contents/summary|title=National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2016: detailed findings|date=28 September 2017|website=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare|publisher=The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare}}</ref> 86.2% of Australians aged 12 years and over have consumed alcohol at least once in their lifetime, compared to 34.8% of Australians aged 12 years and over who have used cannabis at least once in their lifetime.<ref name=":0" />

===United States===
{{Main|Federal drug policy of the United States|Illegal drug trade in the United States|Prohibition in the United States}}
{{Further|Cocaine in the United States|Crack epidemic in the United States|Opioid epidemic in the United States|Temperance movement in the United States}}

From the mid-19th century to the 1930s, American physicians prescribed ''[[Cannabis sativa]]'' as a [[prescription drug]] for various medical conditions.<ref name="Mayo Clin. Proc.">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bostwick JM | title = Blurred boundaries: the therapeutics and politics of medical marijuana | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 87 | issue = 2 | pages = 172–86 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 22305029 | pmc = 3538401 | doi = 10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.10.003 | url = https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)00021-8/fulltext | url-status = live | publisher = [[Elsevier]] on behalf of the [[Mayo Clinic]] | access-date = 20 August 2021 | doi-access = free | lccn = sc78001722 | s2cid = 8654553 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201114112321/https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)00021-8/fulltext | archive-date = 14 November 2020 }}</ref> In the 1960s, the [[Counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture movement]] introduced the use of psychoactive drugs, including cannabis. Young adults and college students reported the recreational prevalence of cannabis, among other drugs, at 20-25% while the cultural mindset of using was open and curious.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Aikins RD | title = From recreational to functional drug use: the evolution of drugs in American higher education, 1960-2014 | journal = History of Education | volume = 44 | issue = 1 | pages = 25–43 | date = 2015-01-02 | pmid = 27499559 | pmc = 4972325 | doi = 10.1080/0046760X.2014.979251 }}</ref> In 1969, the FBI reported that between the years 1966 and 1968, the number of arrests for marijuana possession, which had been outlawed throughout the United States under [[Marihuana Tax Act of 1937|Marijuana Tax Act of 1937]], had increased by 98%.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Sixties Chronicle| vauthors = Farber D |publisher=Legacy Publishing|page=432|year=2004|isbn=978-1412710091}}</ref> Despite acknowledgement that drug use was greatly growing among America's youth during the late 1960s, surveys have suggested that only as much as 4% of the American population had ever smoked marijuana by 1969. By 1972, however, that number would increase to 12%. That number would then double by 1977.<ref name=ipppabv>{{cite web | url = http://www.gallup.com/poll/6331/decades-drug-use-data-from-60s-70s.aspx | title = Decades of Drug Use: Data From the '60s and '70s | vauthors = Robison J | work = Gallup.com | date = 2 July 2002 | access-date = 13 November 2013 }}</ref>

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified marijuana along with [[heroin]] and [[LSD]] as a [[List of Schedule I drugs (US)|Schedule I drug]], i.e., having the relatively highest abuse potential and no accepted medical use.<ref name="Mayo Clin. Proc."/><ref name=ippppavb56>{{cite book | chapter-url = http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/marijuana-history-marijuana-use.html | chapter = Marijuana: History of Marijuana Use| via = infoplease.com | title = The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia | edition= 6th | date = 2012 | publisher = Columbia University Press | oclc = 746941797 }}</ref> Most marijuana at that time came from Mexico, but in 1975 the Mexican government agreed to eradicate the crop by spraying it with the herbicide paraquat, raising fears of toxic side effects. Colombia then became the main supplier.<ref name=ippppavb56/> The [[Zero tolerance#Narcotics|"zero tolerance"]] climate of the Reagan and Bush administrations (1981–1993) resulted in passage of strict laws and [[Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984|mandatory sentences for possession of marijuana]].<ref name="Harm Reduct. J.">{{cite journal |last1=King |first1=RS |last2=Mauer |first2=M |date=February 2006 |title=The war on marijuana: The transformation of the war on drugs in the 1990s |journal=[[Harm Reduction Journal]] |publisher=[[BioMed Central]] |volume=3 |issue=6 |page=6 |doi=10.1186/1477-7517-3-6 |doi-access=free |issn=1477-7517 |lccn=2004243422 |pmc=1420279 |pmid=16469094 |s2cid=15088248}}</ref> The "[[War on Drugs]]" thus brought with it a shift from reliance on imported supplies to domestic cultivation, particularly in [[Hawaii]] and [[California]]. Beginning in 1982, the Drug Enforcement Administration turned increased attention to marijuana farms in the United States, and there was a shift to the indoor growing of plants specially developed for small size and high yield. After over a decade of decreasing use, marijuana smoking began an upward trend once more in the early 1990s, especially among teenagers, but by the end of the decade this upswing had leveled off well below former peaks of use.<ref name=ippppavb56/>