Editing Ramesses III (section)

==DNA and possible relationship with his son Pentaware==
[[File:Horus and Seth crowning Ramesses III.JPG|thumb|The gods [[Horus]] (left) and [[Set (mythology)|Set]] (right) blessing Ramesses in this statute, currently located in the [[Egyptian Museum]].]]
The Zink unit determined that the mummy of an unknown man buried with Ramesses was, because of the proven genetic relationship and a mummification process that suggested punishment, a good candidate for the pharaoh's son, Pentawere, who was the only son to revolt against his father. It was impossible to determine his cause of death. Both mummies were predicted by Whit Athey's [[Microsatellite|STR]]-predictor to share the Y chromosomal haplogroup [[Haplogroup E-V38|E1b1a-V38]] and 50% of their genetic material, which pointed to a father-son relationship.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hawass, Zahi|display-authors=etal|title=Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study|journal=BMJ|date=2012|volume=345|issue=e8268|pages=e8268|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233941674|access-date=6 January 2018|doi=10.1136/bmj.e8268|pmid=23247979|hdl=10072/62081|s2cid=206896841|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

In 2010 Hawass et al undertook detailed anthropological, radiological, and genetic studies as part of the King [[Tutankhamun]] Family Project. The objectives included attempting to determine familial relationships among 11 royal mummies of the New Kingdom, as well to research for pathological features including potential inherited disorders and infectious diseases.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hawass |first1=Zahi |last2=Gad |first2=Yehia Z. |last3=Ismail |first3=Somaia |last4=Khairat |first4=Rabab |last5=Fathalla |first5=Dina |last6=Hasan |first6=Naglaa |last7=Ahmed |first7=Amal |last8=Elleithy |first8=Hisham |last9=Ball |first9=Markus |last10=Gaballah |first10=Fawzi |last11=Wasef |first11=Sally |last12=Fateen |first12=Mohamed |last13=Amer |first13=Hany |last14=Gostner |first14=Paul |last15=Selim |first15=Ashraf |date=2010-02-17 |title=Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family |url=https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.121 |journal=JAMA |volume=303 |issue=7 |pages=638–647 |doi=10.1001/jama.2010.121 |pmid=20159872 |issn=0098-7484}}</ref> In 2012, Hawass et al undertook an anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study of the 20th dynasty mummies of Ramesses III and an unknown man which were found together.<ref name=Revisiting/> In 2022, S.O.Y. Keita analysed 8 [[STR analysis|Short Tandem loci]] (STR) data published as part of these studies by Hawass et al, using an algorithm that only has three choices: Eurasians, sub-Saharan Africans, and East Asians. Using these three options, Keita concluded that the majority of the samples, which included the genetic remains of Rameses III and Tutankhamun had a population "affinity with '[[sub-Sahara]]n' Africans in one affinity analysis". However, Keita cautioned that this does not mean that the royal mummies “lacked other affiliations” which he argued had been obscured in typological thinking. Keita further added that different “data and algorithms might give different results” which reflects the complexity of biological heritage and the associated interpretation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Keita |first1=S. O. Y. |title=Ideas about "Race" in Nile Valley Histories: A Consideration of "Racial" Paradigms in Recent Presentations on Nile Valley Africa, from "Black Pharaohs" to Mummy Genomest |url=https://egyptianexpedition.org/articles/ideas-about-race-in-nile-valley-histories-a-consideration-of-racial-paradigms-in-recent-presentations-on-nile-valley-africa-from-black-pharaohs/ |website=Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections|date=September 2022 }}</ref>