Editing Rachel Whiteread (section)

===''Holocaust Monument'' a.k.a. ''Nameless Library'' (2000)===
{{main|Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial}}
[[Image:Rachel whitereadwien holocaust mahnmal wien judenplatz.jpg|thumb|right|''Holocaust Monument'' (2000) [[Judenplatz]], Vienna]]
During the Holocaust, 65,000 Austrian Jews were executed, and in memory, ''Monument to the Victims of Fascism'' was a monument erected to commemorate these lost lives, however, this piece was seen as unsatisfying, so [[Simon Wiesenthal]] proposed the idea for a new memorial to the mayor of Vienna. With the condition that this memorial could not be figurative and needed to represent all 65,000 lives and the camps they were executed at, Rachel Whiteread was chosen out of ten artists to create this monument. Her monument ''[[Nameless Library]]'' was erected in Judenplatz Square in Vienna and appears to be an inside-out library.<ref name="Ina Cole"/> This structure was built from positively cast cement books which are placed with their spines facing inward. The inability to read these books alludes to the lost lives of the 65,000 [[Austrian Jews]] whose stories are unable to be told leaving the viewer with a sense of loss and absence. These books have also been seen as referring to the [[Nazi book burnings]]. The sculpture also does not include corners or bookshelves which further symbolizes the lack of structure and support.

''Nameless Library'' also is constructed on the excavation grounds of Vienna's oldest synagogues which caused a lot of criticism towards the piece as many citizens felt that the grounds sufficed for the memorial itself. Some critics even accused her of stereotyping the Jewish people as "the people of the book" considering that Jewish memorials were traditionally written. This monument also questions the architectural concepts of interior and exterior as the building surrounding the square form walls, and the streets leading into it like doorways. In addition, the inverted rose ceiling works as a drainage point to the interior of the sculpture.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10652/2232/IDEA.pdf?sequence=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128010101/http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10652/2232/IDEA.pdf?sequence%3D1|title=Silent Witness: Rachel Whiteread's Nameless Library|last=Carley|first=Rachel|year=2010|website=Idea Journal|archive-date=2019-01-28|url-status=dead|access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref>