Editing Quantum teleportation (section)

=== Ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation ===
The quantum state being teleported in this experiment is <math>|\chi\rangle_1=\alpha|H\rangle_1+\beta|V\rangle_1</math>, where <math>\alpha</math> and <math>\beta</math> are unknown complex numbers, <math>|H\rangle</math> represents the horizontal polarization state, and <math>|V\rangle</math> represents the vertical polarization state. The qubit prepared in this state is generated in a laboratory in Ngari, Tibet. The goal was to teleport the quantum information of the qubit to the Micius satellite that was launched on August 16, 2016, at an altitude of around 500&nbsp;km. When a Bell state measurement is conducted on photons 1 and 2 and the resulting state is <math>|\phi^+\rangle_{12}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|H\rangle_1|H\rangle_2+|V\rangle_1|V\rangle_2))</math>, photon 3 carries this desired state. If the Bell state detected is <math>|\phi^-\rangle_{12}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|H\rangle_1|H\rangle_2-|V\rangle_1|V\rangle_2)</math>, then a phase shift of <math>\pi</math> is applied to the state to get the desired quantum state. The distance between the ground station and the satellite changes from as little as 500&nbsp;km to as large as 1,400&nbsp;km. Because of the changing distance, the channel loss of the uplink varies between 41&nbsp;dB and 52&nbsp;dB. The average fidelity obtained from this experiment was 0.80 with a standard deviation of 0.01. Therefore, this experiment successfully established a ground-to-satellite uplink over a distance of 500–1,400&nbsp;km using quantum teleportation. This is an essential step towards creating a global-scale quantum internet.<ref name="sat1400">{{cite journal |last1=Ren |first1=Ji-Gang |last2=Xu |first2=Ping |last3=Yong |first3=Hai-Lin |last4=Zhang |first4=Liang |last5=Liao |first5=Sheng-Kai |last6=Yin |first6=Juan |last7=Liu |first7=Wei-Yue |last8=Cai |first8=Wen-Qi |last9=Yang |first9=Meng |last10=Li |first10=Li |last11=Yang |first11=Kui-Xing |last12=Han |first12=Xuan |last13=Yao |first13=Yong-Qiang |last14=Li |first14=Ji |last15=Wu |first15=Hai-Yan |last16=Wan |first16=Song |last17=Liu |first17=Lei |last18=Liu |first18=Ding-Quan |last19=Kuang |first19=Yao-Wu |last20=He |first20=Zhi-Ping |last21=Shang |first21=Peng |last22=Guo |first22=Cheng |last23=Zheng |first23=Ru-Hua |last24=Tian |first24=Kai |last25=Zhu |first25=Zhen-Cai |last26=Liu |first26=Nai-Le |last27=Lu |first27=Chao-Yang |last28=Shu |first28=Rong |last29=Chen |first29=Yu-Ao |last30=Peng |first30=Cheng-Zhi |last31=Wang |first31=Jian-Yu |last32=Pan |first32=Jian-Wei |title=Ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation |journal=Nature |date=7 September 2017 |volume=549 |issue=7670 |pages=70–73 |doi=10.1038/nature23675 |pmid=28825708 |arxiv=1707.00934 |bibcode=2017Natur.549...70R |s2cid=4468803 }}</ref>